Ron Paul presidential campaign, 2008From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchThis article is in a list format that may be better presented using prose. You can help by converting this article to prose, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (September 2009)Ron Paul for President 2008CampaignU.S. presidential election, 2008CandidateRon PaulCongressman 1976–1977Congressman 1979–1985Congressman 1997–presentAffiliationRepublican PartyStatusAnnounced March 12, 2007Suspended June 12, 2008HeadquartersLake Jackson, TexasKey peopleKent Snyder (Chairman, deceased) Lew Moore (Manager)Jesse Benton (Press Secretary)ReceiptsUS$28.1 2007-12-31SloganHope for AmericaRon Paul was a Republican Party primary candidate in the 2008 United States presidential election.Initial opinion polls during the first three quarters of 2007 showed Ron Paul consistently receiving support from 3% or less of those polled. In 2008, Paul's support among Republican voters remained in the single digits, and well behind front-runner John McCain.[1]During the fourth quarter of 2007, Paul was the most successful Republican fundraiser, bringing in approximately 20 million dollars.[2][3] He also received the most money from the armed services of any candidate in the fourth quarter and, out of all the Republican candidates, he had the most support from black Americans.[4] Ron Paul's campaign set two fund raising records: the largest single day donation total among Republican candidates and twice receiving the most money received via the Internet in a single day by any presidential candidate in American history.[5] Paul's run for president is also noted for its grassroots social networking, facilitated by the Internet.[6] Ron Paul's enthusiatic supporters were noted by the media, who called them "Paulites".[7][8] Paul receives most of his contributions from individuals, at ninety-seven percent; compare to other candidates.[9]As of February 5, 2008, Paul had won sixteen delegates to the Republican National Convention, placing him last amongst the four Republican candidates still in the race at that time.[10] The campaign projected on February 6 to have secured at least 42 delegates to the national convention.[11]On March 4, 2008, John McCain earned enough pledged delegates to become the Republican presumptive nominee, but Ron Paul decided to continue his run.[12]On April 29, 2008, Ron Paul released The Revolution: A Manifesto, which collected essays based on thoughts that arose from his experiences running for president in 2008. The book went on to be a #1 bestseller among political books on Amazon.com[13] and the New York Times nonfiction list.[14]On June 12, 2008 Paul announced that he was ending the presidential campaign, investing the more than $4.7 million of remaining campaign contributions to build up the new advocacy group Campaign for Liberty.[15]Although he suspended his campaign, he appeared on the ballot in Montana[16] and Louisiana[17] in the 2008 general election. He was also listed in some states as a write-in candidate. He received nearly 20,000 votes, giving him the eighth highest popular vote total in the election.[18]Contents1 Campaign developments1.1 First quarter 20071.2 Second quarter 20071.3 Third quarter 20071.4 Fourth quarter 20071.5 First quarter 20081.5.1 Ron Paul newsletter controversy1.6 Second quarter 20082 Polling3 Primary/caucus results3.1 Early states - January3.2 "Super Tuesday", February 5, 20083.3 Later February and March 20083.4 Second quarter 20084 Delegate count5 Fund-raising5.1 Sources5.2 First quarter - 20075.3 Second quarter - 20075.4 Third quarter - 20075.5 Fourth quarter - 20075.6 First quarter - 20085.7 Second quarter - 20086 Internet popularity6.1 Rankings6.2 Social networking6.3 Spamming7 Grassroots campaign efforts7.1 Ron Paul Revolution7.2 Money bombs7.3 Ron Paul Blimp7.4 Other efforts8 2008 GOP Presidential Debates8.1 Second Quarter 20078.2 Third Quarter 20078.3 Fourth Quarter 20078.4 First Quarter 20089 Endorsements10 Post-campaign activities11 See also12 References13 External links[edit] Campaign developmentsSee also: United States presidential election, 2008 timelineThese are events related to Ron Paul's official 2008 campaign. For events related to the independent grassroots movement around him (the "Ron Paul Revolution"), see Grassroots campaign efforts.[edit] First quarter 2007Ron Paul formed a presidential exploratory committee on January 11.[19] He also acquired data on public interest in his running for President around February 19.[20] Based on the results from the exploratory committee and polling, Paul officially entered the race on March 12.[20][21]In a February CNN landline opinion poll, Paul was the candidate with the least name recognition besides John H. Cox.[22] On March 20, Paul signed the American Freedom Agenda Pledge.[23][24][edit] Second quarter 2007On June 30, 2007, in Des Moines, Iowa, Iowans for Tax Relief and the Iowa Christian Alliance invited all Democratic Party candidates and all Republican presidential candidates except Paul to a presidential candidates forum. Six candidates appeared: Mitt Romney, Sam Brownback, Jim Gilmore, Mike Huckabee, Tommy Thompson, and Tom Tancredo.[25][edit] Third quarter 2007Paul participated in the Ames Straw Poll in Ames, Iowa on August 11. He ranked fifth out of 11 candidates, receiving 9.1 percent of the votes.[26][27] According to John Fout, on TheStreet.com, Paul "shocked people in Iowa" by receiving more than 9 percent of the vote after making only three trips to Iowa, releasing ads only one week before the poll, and for beating Tommy Thompson, who visited all 99 counties in Iowa.[28] In an interview about the results of the straw poll, fellow candidate Mike Huckabee, who placed second, said that Ron Paul was the candidate most likely to overtake him nationally, saying, "I'm keeping an eye on him."[29]During the Straw Poll Ron Paul supporters gathered to form a parade, that marched hundreds of people many of whom bore colonial costumes and drum and fife instruments, flags and other around the ISU grounds for hours chanting back and forth slogans that would later be used in many marches and events throughout the campaign.[edit] Fourth quarter 2007On October 25, work began among Ron Paul's supporters to commemorate the anniversary of the Boston Tea Party, starting with the Web-site TeaParty07.com.[30] In support of the rally, Paul supporters purchased a blimp to display campaign messages to observers.[31] On December 16, 2007, Ron Paul supporters re-enacted the dumping of tea into Boston Harbor by tossing banners that read "Tyranny" and "No Taxation Without Representation" into boxes that were in the harbor.[32] Ron Paul supporters also gathered in several other cities as part of the Tea Party re-enactment, including Strasbourg, France, Santa Monica, California, Maui, Hawaii, and Freeport and Austin, Texas[33][34]. Paul himself tossed a barrel labelled "Iraq War" overboard at the Tea Party Re-enactment in Freeport, Texas.[35] The Austin Police Department estimates 2000 to 3000 attendees at the Austin Tea Party.[33][34][36]Paul's first major television campaign began November 8, at a total cost of US$1.1 million, started advertising in New Hampshire.[37]Mid November, 2007 Operation: Live Free or Die, An effort to bring volunteers to campaign door to door in New Hampshire was started by Google employee Vijay Boyapati. His idea to rent a few houses to hold volunteers turned into 14 houses with over 600 people arriving in New Hampshire to knock on doors, organize marches, phone bank at the Concord and Nashua Headquarters. Ron Paul visited OLFD volunteers at a local restaurant owned by a member of the Free State Project called Murphy's Pub, a frequent establishment for FSP members, to thank them in person for their dedication.On Jan 7, 2007 many of these volunteers worked at polling stations across the state and later held a party which Ron Paul attended and spoke. Many of these volunteers, including Vijay went on to other states to continue the efforts. On December 1, 2007, the Los Angeles Times declared Paul a player in the presidential campaign.[38] The Libertarian Party adopted a resolution on December 12 urging Paul to run on the Libertarian ticket if he does not get nominated by the Republican Party.[39]In December 2007, the Associated Press reported that Paul kept a US$500 donation from Don Black, operator of Stormfront, a white nationalist organization website. Paul's campaign stated that "If someone with small ideologies happens to contribute money to Ron, thinking he can influence Ron in any way, he's wasted his money," responding that they would spend the money on spreading "the message of freedom" and "inalienable rights".[40]CBS News reported on December 21 that "Ron Paul can no longer be dismissed as the favorite of the fringe".[41]Many presidential candidates released apolitical Christmas-themed advertisements.[42] Paul was the first nationally recognized candidate to post such an ad on Youtube. In the ad, Paul's family sings a rendition of "Deck the Halls" amid a brief narrative from Paul wishing the viewer "an absolutely great 2008".[42] CBS News described it as portraying Paul as "warm and fuzzy", with fewer religious overtones than other candidates'.[42]Paul was questioned on Meet the Press by Tim Russert for asking that US$400 million in previously earmarked funds be directed back to his district for water projects, a nursing program, to expand a hospital cancer center and US$10 million to promote Texas shrimp.[43][44] On Meet the Press, Paul defended his bid for the earmarked funds saying he never voted for an earmark in his life. Russert said Paul's statement was like saying, "you voted for it before you voted against it."[45] Congressman Paul responded,"I put them in because I represent people who are asking for some of their money back, ... I'm against the tax system, but I take all my tax credits. I want to get their money back for the people."[43][edit] First quarter 2008On January 7, Paul's campaign launched an eight-state TV ad campaign for California, Alabama, Colorado, Georgia, North Dakota, Louisiana, Maine and Florida.[46] That was in addition to the campaigns in New Hampshire and South Carolina.Also on January 15, James Giles, writing for The Bulletin of Philadelphia, said that Paul represented "the dominant foreign policy consensus in the Republican Party from 1920 to 1952."[47]Ron Paul campaigned heavily in Nevada, more than Mitt Romney, the only other candidate to go there.[48][49] On January 17, Paul's Nevada campaign representatives warned state GOP officials that thousands of caucus-goers had been given wrong caucus locations. A correction was put onto the Nevada GOP website that morning, two days before the caucuses.[50] Then Paul's campaign criticized inconsistencies, confusion over rules, and a shortage of ballots in some counties. They asked the state Republican Party to consider postponing the vote because of those problems and others, such as unclear rules on who could vote.[51]In January, Paul released an economic revitalization plan[52] and named Peter Schiff and Don Luskin economic advisors to the campaign.[53][54] The National Taxpayers Union found that among the remaining presidential candidates, only Paul proposed sufficient federal spending cuts to more than offset new spending plans.[55]In February, suicide terrorism expert professor Robert Pape joined the campaign as foreign policy advisor; Ivan Eland and Leon Hadar also joined Paul's foreign policy team.[56]After Romney left the race in February, leaving John McCain strongly favored to win the nomination, Paul e-mailed his supporters on February 8 and stated that he was refactoring his presidential campaign to be "leaner and tighter" and would devote a significant portion of his time specifically to his campaign for reelection to the U.S. House, representing Texas's 14th congressional district, where Paul is being challenged for the Republican nomination by Friendswood mayor pro tem Chris Peden. Paul recognized a nearly zero chance of a brokered convention. He was determined to continue in every caucus and primary remaining and promised not to campaign for president for another party.[57] Staffer Dan McCarthy clarified in a blog post on February 9 that Paul's presidential campaign "is not ending, not being suspended, and not even drawing down", stating that "[a] few news sources are misreporting Ron Paul’s e-mail from last night."On February 11, Ron Paul posted a video via YouTube and his campaign website in which he states that he would like to organize a march on Washington in order to show the support he has received and give his campaign a boost in the presidential race.[58]On March 4, John McCain earned enough delegates to become the Republican nominee. Mike Huckabee dropped from the race as a result[59], but Ron Paul decided to continue his run, having successfully defended his congressional seat.[12]On March 8, Paul released a video to his supporters[60] acknowledging that he would not be able to win the nomination, interpreted by some news sources[61][62] as a hint that the campaign was over. Ron Paul's son Rand publicly denied the allegations and stated the campaign "will continue to contest the remaining primaries."[63] On March 10, Ron Paul appeared on CNN's American Morning to explain that he has not withdrawn from the race and he will keep campaigning to keep his ideas in the arena, and to fulfill an obligation to his supporters in states that have not yet held primaries.[64]It's not over; it's certainly winding down, there are a lot less primaries left. Super Tuesday has passed, and McCain has the nominal number. But if you're in a campaign for only gaining power, that's one thing. If you're in a campaign to influence ideas and the future of the country, the campaign is never over.[65]—Ron Paul, American Morning[edit] Ron Paul newsletter controversyOn January 8, the day of the New Hampshire primary, The New Republic published a story by James Kirchick quoting from selected newsletters published under Paul's name.[66][67] The publications had various names bannering "Ron Paul" prominently in the title, such as The Ron Paul Survival Report. Kirchick said that the writings showed "an obsession with conspiracies, sympathy for the right-wing militia movement, and deeply held bigotry", and were "saturated in racism", charges echoed by Kevin Drum of the Washington Monthly's Political Animal blog.[68] Kirchick noted that one article referred to African-American rioters as "barbarians" and suggested that the Los Angeles riots of 1992 only stopped when it came time for "blacks to pick up their welfare checks". Other issues gave tactical advice to local militia groups and advanced various conspiracy theories.[69]In 1996 the media inquired into these passages, having been brought to light by Paul's congressional opponent Charles "Lefty" Morris; Paul's congressional campaign countered the statements were taken out of context.[70] The newsletters, attributed to Paul, made statements such as "opinion polls consistently show only about 5% of blacks have sensible political opinions," "if you have ever been robbed by a black teen-aged male, you know how unbelievably fleet-footed they can be", and referring to Martin Luther King as a "pro-communist philanderer" and to Martin Luther King Day as "hate Whitey day."[71][72] An issue from 1992 refers to carjacking as the "hip-hop thing to do among the urban youth who play unsuspecting whites like pianos."[73] In an article title "The Pink House" the newsletter wrote that " "Homosexuals, not to speak of the rest of society, were far better off when social pressure forced them to hide their activities."[74] have been accused of racism, homophobia, and antisemitism.In 2001 Paul gave his own account of the newsletters, stating the documents were authored by ghostwriters, and that while he did not author the challenged passages, he bore "some moral responsibility" for their publication.[75] Paul's 2008 presidential campaign repeated these assertions when the challenged passages resurfaced again in Kirchick's January 2008 article.[67] Paul "never uttered such words and denounced such small-minded thoughts," saying Martin Luther King, Jr., and Rosa Parks were personal heroes because they stood for individual rights, and that he had spoken highly about Parks in a 1999 floor speech in the House of Representatives.[76] Paul took the position that the Kirchick story was a "rehash" of a political attack received during his 1996 campaign.In an interview with CNN's Wolf Blitzer, Paul asserted that racism is incompatible with his beliefs and that he sees people as individuals, not as part of collectives. He also dismissed the attack as an attempt to accuse him of racism by proxy, claiming that he has collected more money among African-Americans than any other Republican candidate. Blitzer stated that he was "shocked" by the newsletters, as they did not seem to reflect "the Ron Paul that I've come to know, and the viewers have come to know" over the course of several interviews during the campaign.[77]Nelson Linder, president of the Austin chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), also defended Paul, though not in his official capacity under the NAACP: "Knowing Ron Paul's intent, I think he is trying to improve this country but I think also, when you talk about the Constitution and you constantly criticize the federal government versus state I think a lot of folks are going to misconstrue that....so I think it's very easy for folks who want to take his position out of context, and that's what I'm hearing."[78]Reason magazine contributing editor Matt Welch found numerous references to the newsletters in news coverage of the 1996 race, many showing a defense of the newsletters by Paul and his campaign.[70] But in 2001 Paul claimed he only said otherwise in 1996 because it was too confusing to explain in the fervor of a campaign.[75][edit] Second quarter 2008Ron Paul was invited to speak at the University of Pittsburgh on April 3, 2008.Ron Paul campaigned through Pennsylvania in anticipation of the April 22 primary, including two stops in his birth place of Pittsburgh at Indiana University of Pennsylvania and the University of Pittsburgh.[79][80] He also made several campaign stops in Montana.[81] He was the keynote speaker at the April 26 Nevada Republican State Convention, where his supporters comprised over 2/3rds of the 1200 some attendees.[82] Paul's supporters used their super-majority to allow any state delegate to be considered for the position of national delegate, rather than voting on an pre-approved small slate of possible national delegates. Ron Paul is expected to capture most or all of Nevada's 31 delegates to the RNC as a result.[83][84] The main purpose, according to Paul supporters, is not to make Ron Paul the nominee but to influence the official RNC party platform so it adopts several of the issues advocated by the Texas congressman.[85]In Missouri, some 145 "suspected" Ron Paul supporters were barred from participating in the state selection process or from being delegates to the national convention by local GOP party leaders. This has led to accusations of procedural violations on the part of state GOP leaders by Republican voters.[86][87]The Independent Greens of Virginia (IGVA) petitioned to have Ron Paul as their vice-presidential nominee, putting him on a ticket with New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg. Paul himself had nothing to do with the nomination, and was only a placeholder candidate who was later replaced as the vice-presidential candidate on the IGVA ticket by Darrell Castle, running mate of Chuck Baldwin.[88]On June 26, Kent Snyder, Ron Paul's campaign chair, died of viral pneumonia. Other staffers on Paul's campaign started a collection service to help pay for Snyder's remaining medical bills, as the campaign did not provide its workers with health insurance.[89][90]In Nevada on June 28, Ron Paul delegates reconvened the state convention to elect national delegates to the RNC. They cited a rule that when the chair of the previous meeting called recess without a vote by the delegates, it broke the rules, meaning that the previous state convention never concluded. From this new convention, Ron Paul was awarded all of Nevada's national delegates, winning him the state. The Nevada Republican Party challenged the results and elected their own national delegates.[91] Nevada party officials later decided to not have a convention and have the issue decided by the party's executive board via conference call.[92] The RNC rejected the delegates chosen by both groups, eventually granting Paul four of the state's delegates and the rest to McCain.[93][94][95]On June 12, 2008, Paul announced that he was suspending the presidential campaign, investing the more than $4.7 million of remaining campaign contributions to build up the new advocacy group Campaign for Liberty.[15][edit] PollingIn polling conducted at the Utah GOP convention on June 9, 2007, Paul placed second behind Mitt Romney.[96] Paul also placed second in the straw poll conducted at the National Taxpayers Union conference, following Fred Thompson.[97] Ron Paul placed second, polling 17 percent, in a Cobb County GOP straw poll on July 4, 2007.[98]Ron Paul placed third in the Illinois Straw Poll on August 16, 2007, with 18.87 percent of the vote, polling just 0.4 percent behind undeclared candidate Fred Thompson. Paul won the similar West Alabama Republican Assembly 2007 Presidential Preference Straw Poll on August 18, 2007, capturing 216 of 266 votes (81 percent), ahead of second place Mitt Romney[99] On August 18. Paul won the South Sound Ronald Reagan Republican Club's straw poll on August 21 in Snohomish County, Washington, with 30 percent of the vote, with Fred Thompson coming in second with 27 percent.[100]On November 20, 2007, Ron Paul finished fourth behind fellow Republicans Rudy Giuliani, Mitt Romney, and Fred Thompson in a Zogby International "blind bio" poll of likely Republican voters. However, Paul was first when Democrats and Independents were included in the survey. The poll presented potential voters with descriptions of each candidate's resume rather than candidate names.[101]National polls conducted in January 2008 showed Paul with an average of just under 5% among Republican candidates.[102][edit] Primary/caucus resultsMain article: Results of the 2008 Republican presidential primaries[edit] Early states - JanuaryRon Paul finished fifth in the 2008 Iowa Republican caucuses with nearly 10 percent of the votes and 2 delegates according to CNN.[103][104] At the January 5, 2008, Wyoming Republican County Conventions, Ron Paul placed fourth, receiving no delegates.[105] The Wyoming primary was largely ignored by candidates in favor of the higher-profile race in New Hampshire, but four candidates did campaign there,[106] including Paul. The majority of the 1224 eligible voters at the conventions were elected in 2006.[107]Paul received 8 percent of the vote in the January 8 New Hampshire primary, finishing fifth in the Republican field and receiving no delegates.[108][109] Though he had hoped to improve on his Iowa performance, he vowed to stay in the race, telling supporters, "It's really only the beginning."[110] A recount, which Paul does not support, began January 16, 2008.[111][112] Paul placed fourth in the January 15, 2008, Michigan Republican primary, with 6 percent of the votes and no delegates.[113]Paul finished second in the January 19 Nevada Republican caucuses with 14 percent of the vote,[114] finishing behind Mitt Romney and earning an estimated four delegates to the national convention.[115] Paul finished fifth in the January 19 South Carolina Republican primary, with 4 percent of the vote and no delegates.[116][117] Paul had 3 campaign offices in South Carolina and noted that it was "absolutely vital" since every Republican winner of the state since 1980 has gone on to win the nomination.[118][119]The Louisiana Republican caucuses were held on January 22, 2008. Official results have not yet been reported; preliminary results show Ron Paul in second place among candidates.[120][121] On January 26, the Paul campaign filed a complaint with the state GOP contesting Louisiana's process of choosing delegates.[122]The Florida primary was held on January 29, 2008, and was a state-wide winner-take-all contest for all 57 of Florida's delegates.[123][124][125][126] Philadelphia Inquirer noted that Paul did not campaign in the state,[127] and he finished in fifth place with 3% of the vote.[128] LA Times listed Florida as part of an eight state radio ad campaign by Paul during January 2008.[46]Ahead the 3 day Maine caucus before Super Tuesday, Paul was the only Republican candidate to visit the state.[129]. Paul held campaign events, including a rally at the Maine State House on January 28, 2008.[130] The week before the caucus, Paul said that he was hoping for a "grand showing" in the state.[131][132] With 74.7% of the precincts counted, Paul placed third in the voter preference tally with 19%.[133] National delegates are assigned to candidates May 2 when state delegates hold their convention. Paul earned 35% of the state delegates to take second place.[134][edit] "Super Tuesday", February 5, 2008In West Virginia, Ron Paul spoke at the GOP convention alongside Mitt Romney and Mike Huckabee.[135] Paul came in a distant fourth (10%) in the first vote by the state GOP convention and was eliminated for the second round, with McCain eliminated next. Paul's and McCain's supporters voted for Mike Huckabee.[136] Paul's campaign stated that they had a deal with Huckabee to get 3 delegates in exchange for the support they gave to him.[137][138] The Huckabee campaign has not confirmed that.[139]Paul's best showings were in Montana, with 25% for second place and no delegates, third in the North Dakota caucus with 21% and five delegates, third in Alaska with 17% and five delegates[140], and third in Utah with 3%. In that day's 16 other primaries and caucuses (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado,air jordan, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, Tennessee), Paul finished fourth among current candidates. (He placed fifth in California overall, as Giuliani received absentee ballots.[141])Paul received 4% of the popular vote among all Super Tuesday states.[142][edit] Later February and March 2008New Year's debate rally for Ron Paul in Vancouver, WashingtonOn February 9, Kansas, Louisiana, and Washington held their contests. In the Kansas caucuses, Ron Paul finished third, with 11% and no delegates.[143] In the Louisiana primary, Paul finished third among current candidates (fourth overall, as Romney was still on the ballot) with 5%, though no delegates were at stake.[144] In the Washington state caucuses, Paul placed third, with 22%, behind Huckabee (24%) and McCain (26%). Nearly half of Washington's delegates are picked at this caucus and the rest in the primary February 19, 2008.[145]On the February 12 Potomac Primaries, Maryland, Virginia, and Washington, DC, held their contests. Paul came in third among current candidates in each of them, receiving 6% in Maryland, 4% in Virginia, and 8% in the District of Columbia.[146] A Fox News exit poll showed that in Virginia, 20% of independent voters voting in the Republican races voted for Paul.[147]In the two February 19 primaries, Paul came in third in Wisconsin with 5% and fourth in Washington state's follow-up primary (8%), even though he was third in the state's caucus with 22%. Paul placed third in the caucus of Puerto Rico (4.33%), tied with Mike Huckabee for second place in the Northern Mariana Islands caucus (4.35%), and has an unknown standing in the American Samoa caucus.In the four Republican primaries on March 4, Paul came in third in every state. He earned 5% in Texas and Ohio and 7% in Vermont and Rhode Island.[148]Mississippi held their Republican primary on March 11, 2008. Paul finished 3rd with 4% of the vote.[149][edit] Second quarter 2008In three early April Minnesota state delegate conventions, Paul picked up 6 national delegates from the 12 at stake; they are allowed to vote for any candidate regardless of caucus results.[150] The Nevada GOP convention had to be suspended when GOP leaders realized that Paul supporters were going to win in the proceedings.[151] Further conventions will occur in May.In the April 22 Pennsylvania Primary, Ron Paul finished second with 16% of the vote overall.[152] Paul and Mike Huckabee, who was also on the ballot, did best in Pennsylvania's conservative regions.[153] In the May 6 primaries in Indiana and North Carolina, Paul earned 8% of the vote in both states.[154][155] In the May 13 West Virginia primary, Paul received 5% of the vote.[156] In the May 20 primaries, Paul received 15% of the vote plus 4 national delegates in Oregon and 7% in Kentucky.[157][158]Paul won 24 percent of the vote in the May 27 Idaho Republican primary, which was his best showing in a primary state.[159][160][edit] Delegate count2008 Republican presidential primaries delegate countAs of June 10, 2008CandidatesActualpledged delegates1(1,780 of 1,917)Estimated total delegates2(2,159 of 2,380;1,191 needed to win)John McCain1,3781,575Mike Huckabee240278Mitt Romney148271Ron Paul1435This box: view ? talk ? editColor key:1st placeCandidate haswithdrawnSources:1 "Primary Season Election Results". The New York Times. (regularly updated). http://politics.nytimes.com/election-guide/2008/results/gopdelegates/index.html. 2 "Election Center 2008 - Republican Delegate Scorecard". CNN. (regularly updated). http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/primaries/results/scorecard/#R. [edit] Fund-raisingRon Paul's 2007 fund-raising efforts by quarter.Paul's fundraising increased significantly over the campaign. The campaign holds an all-time record for political one-day fund-raising.[5] The Paul campaign discloses donations immediately, instead of on a quarterly basis.As of January 25, 2008, the Ron Paul campaign has raised more than 30 million dollars,[161] most in the fourth quarter of 2007. Among the active candidates per February 2008, Ron Paul devoted the smallest portion of his funds to salaries and benefits - 8 percent.[162][edit] Sources100% of Paul's campaign money comes from individual contributors,[163] with 47 percent of the funds raised from small contributions of $200 or less.[164]As of February 14, 2008, U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Air force members represent three top contributors to Ron Paul's campaign, respectively.[165][edit] First quarter - 2007Ron Paul raised more money in New Hampshire in the first quarter of 2007 than presumed Republican front-runners John McCain and Rudy Giuliani. As of March 31, 2007, Paul had raised $63,989 for his campaign nationwide. Of that, he had spent US $15,070, giving him $47,919 cash-on-hand.[166][edit] Second quarter - 2007As of the end of the second quarter 2007, Ron Paul had over US$2.4 million in the bank, which was more than John McCain,nike pas cher, who had $2 million. He outraised every second-tier candidate, and was fourth in fund-raising among the Republicans, behind the three frontrunners.[167][edit] Third quarter - 2007Paul's campaign raised $5.08 million in the third quarter, increasing 114% over the previous quarter. After he began realtime publication of fundraising totals in September 2007, an end-of-quarter fundraiser raised an unexpected $1.2 million in one week; the projected amount had been $500,000. The campaign outperformed "front-runner" candidates; Paul fundraising, measured in itemized donations (over US$200), exceeded that of Giuliani, Romney, and Thompson in many states. ABC News also reported that Paul received more donations from serving members of the armed services than any other GOP candidate. At the close of the quarter, the campaign reported US$5.4 million on hand, more than John McCain, having spent only 34 percent of the proceeds of the preceding three quarters.[168][edit] Fourth quarter - 2007Fundraising efforts by state.As of December 31, Ron Paul raised $19,765,974 in the fourth quarter, bringing him to roughly $28 million total. His fourth quarter donations came from 130,000 donors, including over 100,000 new contributors.[169] Ron Paul raised more money than any other Republican candidate in the fourth quarter.[170][171] The second highest total raised was by Rudy Giuliani, who got $14.4 million before dropping out of the race.[170] Mitt Romney raised $9 million in the fourth quarter from contributors[172], but lent himself $18 million of his own money, giving him the largest total.[3][170] According to the campaign, Paul's donations average $100 per donor[3] Compared to Democratic candidates, Paul's fourth quarter total was close to Hillary Clinton's, who raised approximately $20 million.[173]Ron Paul received more money from donors in the military, over $200,000, than any other candidate, Democrat or Republican.[174][edit] First quarter - 2008In the month of March 2008, Ron Paul raised a little over $120,000, though his campaign financial records show him to have $5.1 million cash on hand. Paul's fund raising in 2008 was overall far less than in the previous quarter.[175][edit] Second quarter - 2008With roughly $4 million cash on hand left, "[Ron Paul's campaign] is exploring the option of using the remaining campaign funds to establish a for-profit publishing company aimed at producing educational materials."[176] The money would eventually be put towards founding Ron Paul's Campaign for Liberty.[edit] Internet popularityPaul has participated in several 2008 GOP debates, the majority of which he won according to the sponsors' own online or text-message phone polls (none of which are scientific).[177] After the first debate, ABC News noted that Paul has a "robust online presence."[178] TIME magazine labels Paul "the new 2.0 candidate" in reference to "his success recruiting supporters through new social media channels".[179] The New York Times writes that his campaign has "snowballed on the Internet".[6] According to KDPaine and Partners, Ron Paul's YouTube videos make up half of the top 10 of all candidate videos and he has the largest overall viewership of any candidate.[180] Jack Cafferty has stated Ron Paul's followers "at any given moment can almost overpower the Internet."[181]Forbes.com noted a disparity between Paul's online support and his performance in the primaries: while Paul supporters responded in droves to text-message and online polls following televised debates, he received 10% of the vote in Iowa and 8% in New Hampshire. David Thorburn, director of the MIT Communications Forum, said that while the Internet is a major source of fundraising, it is not yet able to compete with traditional media for influence in campaigns. Thorburn added that support from "an intellectually elite minority that lives in cyberspace does not translate into support among the general population."[182]Blogger Tommy Christopher noted that critics of Ron Paul's followers accused them of being "cult-like" in an attempt to marginalize Paul's support base. Christopher opined that this was part of a "seemingly willful determination by the mainstream media to completely ignore or glibly dismiss Paul's many successes."[183][edit] RankingsAlexa.com data shows Paul's campaign website for his suspended campaign receiving less traffic than the sites of Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama, as well as roughly equal traffic to John McCain.[184] However,nike dunk, Paul's traffic far exceeded Clinton's, and even Obama's as far back as January, evidence of his intense web-based following.[185] Paul's site receives more traffic than Rudy Giuliani, Mitt Romney or Fred Thompson.[186] Hitwise ranks Ron Paul as the seventh most frequent candidate search.[187] In June 2007, Kate Kaye of ClickZNews used Hitwise data to report that Ron Paul had "rocketed from fifth place to first" in their Republican Candidates' Site Traffic Market Share and Rankings report.[188] By October 2007 Fred Thompson had pushed Paul out of the first place position.[189] Since March 2008 Paul's site traffic as measured by Hitwise has trailed that of McCain, Clinton, and Obama.[190] The SIPP index, a site that claims to track how candidates connect with voters, had Ron Paul ranked #3 out of all of the candidates in the 2008 primary when he dropped his bid.[191][edit] Social networkingRon Paul rally poster in Nashville, TennesseeIn addition to his search popularity, Ron Paul has become popular on a variety of social networking websites. On Jan. 30, 2008, Paul had over 131,000 "friends" on MySpace,[192] and was the Republican winner of the MySpace Presidential Primary in January 2008, with 37% of the votes.[193] He also has a presence on Facebook, with over 58,000 people in a campaign-related group as of July 22, 2008.[194] As of January 30, 2008, he received 10 percent of the votes in Facebook's Elections 2008 presidential poll, placing him first among Republicans and second among all candidates, behind Barack Obama (at 25%), but ahead of Hillary Clinton at 9%.[195]Paul claims the most YouTube views of all Republican candidates, over 6.8 million,[196]. Paul's YouTube channel is among the Top 40 most subscribed of all time, achieving 40,000 subscribers in December 2007.[197][198] The Weekly Standard on December 10, 2007, reported: "To give an idea of Paul's viral velocity, if you hit “Rudy Giuliani” or “Mitt Romney” into YouTube's search engine, you'll turn up about 3,700 hits apiece. Do the same with “Ron Paul”, and you'll be wading through 63,000 videos."[199] The Ron Paul Girl is an internet video not originally generated from the campaign, but which has amounted to hundreds of thousands of viewings[200] and is thought to have contributed materially to internet fund-raising. Also, many World of Warcraft players have named themselves after Ron Paul and staged an in-game support march.[201]As of January 30, 2008, Ron Paul has the largest distributed grassroots organization on Meetup.com of all candidates, with almost 105,000 members in 1,600 Meetup groups, that have collectively planned and held nearly 31,000 offline events to rally support (and raise money) for their candidate.[202][203] In comparison, Barack Obama — who has the second largest Meetup organization among active candidates — has close to 5,000 members among 82 Meetup groups.[203]Summed up by James Rainey of the Los Angeles Times, "Paulites tend to be tech-savvy, tired of traditional politics and suspicious of their government and the mainstream media. But after that, they defy categories...[consisting of] Democrats, Republicans, Libertarians, and Constitution Party followers uniting behind some or all of the Paul libertarian agenda -- ending the war in Iraq, abolishing gun control laws, legalizing marijuana and dismantling big hunks of the U.S. government, especially the IRS and Federal Reserve system."[33]Jack Cafferty has observed that Ron Paul's grassroots network is one "politicians dream about" and that no other candidate running has a base as dedicated or as vocal as Paul's.[181] Ron Paul has also earned the attention of many sympathizers outside of the United States.[204][205][edit] SpammingIn November 2007, the University of Alabama at Birmingham's Spam Data Mining for Law Enforcement Applications project examined a large amount of spam supporting Paul's candidacy. Gary Warner, UAB's director of computer forensics, called the spamming "a criminal act in support of a campaign," but stated that he does not believe the campaign itself is in any way responsible. Paul's spokesman, Jesse Benton, said in an email to Wired magazine calling the spamming the work of "a well-intentioned yet misguided supporter or someone with bad intentions trying to embarrass the campaign."[206] The spamming resulted in the removal of at least one Ron Paul video from YouTube, according to anti-phishing researcher Chris Barton of McAfee.[207]The Wired article claims that the finding is "significant" because of Paul's popularity in online polls, which Wired says does not reflect offline polling, and suggests technically sophisticated Paul supporters may have been "manipulating" polls.Earlier, the prominent conservative blog RedState barred users with accounts less than six months old from posting messages supporting Paul. This was due to a torrent of pro-Paul comment spam. Other blogs at least temporarily shut down their online polls due to concerns the results may have been stacked by Paul supporters.[206][edit] Grassroots campaign efforts[edit] Ron Paul RevolutionRon Paul Revolution designPaul's candidacy drew a significant degree of support from grassroots movements, and supporters worked independently of the official campaign or the GOP to raise Paul's public profile and bring in record breaking campaign donations. A number of supporters have described these efforts as the "Ron Paul Revolution," an allusion to the American Revolution[208] that frequently appears on placards and t-shirts at rallies[209][210] and serves as a slogan that the official campaign has adopted. Supporters use the letters "EVOL" ("love" reversed) to represent peace and hope.[211][212][edit] Money bombsSee also: MoneybombIn early October 2007, a website was set up to raise $1 million per week independently for Ron Paul's campaign by having individuals pledge en masse the same amount (per donor) on the same day each week. News media began referring to this effort as a "money bomb". By mid-October, several other "money bomb" fund raising dates, all unaffiliated with the actual Ron Paul campaign, had caused fund raising spikes of hundreds of thousands of dollars each.. On average, over 1500 people donated per hour.[213]In late October, a grassroots website called "This November 5"[214] was launched, requesting pledges for the Paul campaign on November 5, the same day as Guy Fawkes Day. They collected over 18,000 e-mail addresses.Donation rates for November 5On November 5, 2007, the campaign raised over $4.3 million.[215] That amount is the largest amount collected on a single day by any Republican candidate,[216][217] and the record for largest amount of on-line fund raising in a single day ever in U.S. history.[218] Paul eclipsed his overall third-quarter fund-raising total around 2:30 p.m. EST.Paul's December campaign contributions rose to over $7.1 million and the Q4 campaign contributions rose to over $17 million as a result of this push. The campaign website displayed a novel real-time display of the funds raised and the names of donors.[219] Smaller fund raising money bombs continued throughout November and early December.December 16 donation ratesA December 16, 2007, money bomb on the anniversary of the Boston Tea Party broke the campaign's previous record,[220] raising nearly $2 million more than the November 5 event, bringing in over US$6 million in the largest single day of fund raising, on-line or not, in U.S. presidential campaign history.[221] During the last minutes of the drive, the server refused to accept contributions due to an overload of donations, as about 100 contributors per minute donated to the campaign; more than an additional $100,000 were donated within the hour past midnight.[222][223][224]February 1, 2008, marked the 51st anniversary of Carol and Ron Paul's marriage. Supporters raised over $1 million in the 24-hour period for the campaign[225] as an "anniversary gift," making the it the fourth largest campaign donation day to date.[226][edit] Ron Paul BlimpThe Ron Paul blimp on its launch day.The Ron Paul Blimp was an aerial billboard launched in December 2007 with considerable publicity. It was emblazoned on one side with "Who is Ron Paul? Google Ron Paul" and, on the other, "Ron Paul Revolution."[227] At 200 feet (61 m) long, the blimp was longer than the Goodyear Blimp.[228] With a stated cost of $400,000 per month, supporters raised enough money to keep the blimp afloat for about six weeks. Piloted by Dick Schwenker,[229] it flew over Walt Disney World for several days,[230] as well as the January 10 presidential debate in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.[231][232][233][234]The blimp was financed by a for-profit company (Liberty Political Advertising, L.L.C.), rather than the campaign itself.[235][236] This structure was created to permit donors to escape federal limits of $2,300 per person on campaign donations.[237] The FEC has not commented on the validity of such a finance structure.A supporter named Elizabeth Blane also created a 20-foot (6.1 m) "micro-blimp" emblazoned with the same logos as the full sized blimp, which flew over the San Diego area.[238][239][edit] Other effortsAn avid Ron Paul supporter and businessman, Joby Weeks, recently refurbished an old stretch limousine into the Ron Paul Limo, which is 55 feet long (17 m).[240] The limousine has been touring high-traffic cities across the country, and it has been personally signed by Ron Paul on one side.A Nevada brothel owner recently promised to take up a collection from his customers to back Paul's bid.[241]Paul supporters have created a number of songs in support of Ron Paul. Steve Dore, for example, produced a CD called "Early Songs of the Great Ron Paul Revolution," the profits from which were donated to Paul's campaign.[199]Artists in Texas and other states created homemade signs[242] in support of Paul's candidacy.Dean Van Gundy in Grand Junction, Colorado paid for a bus full of "campaigners" to sit in a prominent location, hoping to pick up more supporters.[243]Some Paul supporters announced plans to build a cooperative community populated solely by those philosophically aligned with Paul dubbed "Paulville" on a plot near Dell City, Texas, in a sparsely populated area between San Angelo and El Paso. Paul himself was not in favor of the idea, stating "I don't see that as a solution, but it can't hurt anything either".[244]Supporters of Ron Paul held a rally in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, at the same time the 2008 Republican National Convention took place in that city, and officially commenced the Campaign for Liberty.[245][edit] 2008 GOP Presidential DebatesMain article: Republican Party (United States) presidential debates, 2008[edit] Second Quarter 2007Ron Paul supporters at a pre-debate rally in Manchester, New Hampshire on June 5, 2007.On May 3, 2007, Ron Paul participated in a 90-minute presidential debate at the Reagan Presidential Library, alongside nine other Republican candidates. In online voting hosted by MSNBC and The Politico, Paul was ranked first for "Best one liner," "Who stood out from the pack", "Most convincing debater", and "Who showed the most leadership qualities?"[246] and was winning the "rating and comparing candidates" question.[247]Paul participated in the Fox News Channel First-in-the-South Republican Party Presidential Candidates Debate at the University of South Carolina on May 15, alongside nine other Republican candidates. In a phone text message based vote among viewers after the debate, Paul finished second, winning 25% of the votes.[248]During the debate, Congressman Paul commented that America's history of interventionism in the Middle East has led to an unpopular view of the U.S. in Middle Eastern countries, and argued that the CIA's removal of Iranian leader Mohammed Mosaddeq in Operation Ajax, the Iraq war and the bombing of Iraq in the 1990s had led to increasing anti-American sentiment in the Middle East and promoted terrorism. When the moderator asked if Paul was suggesting that the US had "invited" the 9/11 attacks, Paul argued with fellow candidate Rudy Giuliani, who responded to Paul's suggestion that the U.S. pay attention to the underlying causes of terrorism by saying "I don't think I've heard that before, and I've heard some pretty absurd explanations for September 11. And I would ask the congressman to withdraw that comment and tell us that he didn't really mean that." Paul responded that terrorists were the result of "blowback" from poor foreign policy, and that they "don't come here to attack us because we're rich and we're free, they come and attack us because we're over there."[249]Ron Paul signs autographs as campaign manager Kent Snyder (center) looks on at a rally after CNN's June 5, 2007 GOP debate.Though the confrontation was noted in the media and cast as a political win for Giuliani, Paul's remarks were debated. Conservative pundits including Sean Hannity and Michael Steele criticized them; former CIA Bin Laden Issue Station head Michael Scheuer endorsed them as "obvious" and an "immense service to all Americans"; and commentator Andrew Sullivan agreed with Paul, citing his comments as evidence that he was the only GOP candidate "serious about national security." Paul condemned Giuliani's attack in a press release, later demanding an apology on CNN's The Situation Room with Wolf Blitzer.[250][251][252][253][254]In the debate, Paul and McCain refused to endorse torture, with Paul labelling the phrase "enhanced interrogation techniques" as "Orwellian".[255][256]Ron Paul participated in the CNN Republican debate in New Hampshire on June 5. Paul argued against a preemptive military policy in favor of going "back to traditions and our Constitution" and "[defending] our liberties and [defending] our rights.". He was given fewer than six minutes of time, less than Mitt Romney, John McCain, or Rudy Giuliani.[257][258][259][260][edit] Third Quarter 2007Supporters outside of the Fox News debate on September 5, 2007.Paul participated in ABC News's Republican presidential debate at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa on August 5.[261] Time Magazine's Mark Halperin evaluated Paul's performance "crowd-pleasing," and added, "if the Republicans nominated a candidate based on who most moved the applause meter, Paul would be giving his acceptance speech next summer." Paul was the favorite of an on-line poll at ABCNews.com, winning 63 percent of votes.[262]Paul participated in the Fox News debate at the University of New Hampshire on September 5. Paul and Mike Huckabee argued over the war in Iraq, with Paul attributing Republican losses in the 2006 elections to the unpopular war. Paul won a Fox-sponsored text-messaging poll with 33 percent of votes.[263]On September 17, Paul participated in the GOP "Values Voters' Presidential Debate" in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, alongside six other candidates --- John H. Cox, Sam Brownback, Mike Huckabee, Duncan Hunter, Alan Keyes, and Tom Tancredo. Paul finished second in an official post-debate delegate straw poll, trailing Mike Huckabee's 63% showing with 13% of the vote.[264]Paul participated in a September 27 debate hosted by PBS television at Morgan State University with a panel exclusively of journalists of color. The organizers put empty podiums on the stage in the names of the absent candidates. Answering questions were Sam Brownback, Mike Huckabee, Alan Keyes, Ron Paul, Duncan Hunter, and Tom Tancredo.[265][edit] Fourth Quarter 2007Paul participated in an October 9 debate sponsored by CNBC, The Wall Street Journal, and the University of Michigan–Dearborn. The debate aired on MSNBC at 9 pm ET. Paul fielded several questions relating to economic issues, warning that "as long as we live beyond our means, we are destined to live beneath our means".[266] As in previous debates, he also addressed monetary theory.The Republican Jewish Coalition candidates' forum on October 16, 2007, did not invite Ron Paul due to "time only for leading candidates" and his "record of consistently voting against assistance to Israel and his criticisms of the pro-Israel lobby", according to sources close to the RJC.[267]Paul appeared in a 90-minute October 21 debate in Orlando, Florida sponsored by Fox News[268], winning an informal "cell phone” vote[269], but drawing jeers during the debate for advocating non-interventionist foreign policy.[270]Paul participated in the November 28 Republican CNN-Youtube Presidential Debate in St. Petersburg, Florida alongside seven other candidates. He obtained less than 8 minutes of time, and wasn't addressed with a question until the second half hour. Paul debated John McCain on the merits of isolationism versus non-intervention. Paul won an CNN online "scorecard" with 51% of the vote; two of three CNN analysts stated that he had a "disappointing" performance, but the other argued that Paul "came off very direct and clear" and "stood out the most".[271][272][273][274]Paul participated in the December 9 GOP debate hosted by Spanish-speaking television network Univision at the University of Miami, alongside seven other candidates.[275].Sponsored by The Des Moines Register newspaper and Iowa Public Television, the December 12 debate among nine Republican candidates was broadcast live on the state-wide television network and re-broadcast later.[276] It was available to all PBS stations, and was the last debate before the Iowa caucuses, January 3, 2008.[edit] First Quarter 2008Paul participated in the ABC/WMUR-TV/Facebook Republican debate at Saint Anselm College in New Hampshire on January 5, 2008. Charles Gibson moderated.[277]Fox News excluded Paul, Duncan Hunter, and Alan Keyes from a January 6 New Hampshire forum, sparking numerous protests from Paul supporters. Fox said that due to having limited space in the "souped-up bus" in which the debate was to talk place, they required that the candidates must have been polling at least ten percent in recent nationwide polls to be included in the debate.[278][279] In a nationwide poll conducted by the Associated Press and Yahoo, December 14–20, Paul was only polling at three percent which was far short of the threshold necessary for debate inclusion.[278] The Paul campaign said they were not given a reason for the exclusion, and the New Hampshire Republican Party withdrew their sponsorship. Instead of attending, Paul held his own town hall event, where voters were allowed to ask him questions. It was broadcast live on local New Hampshire television and streamed online.[280] Jay Leno invited Paul as a Tonight Show guest January 7 specifically because he said he thought Paul's exclusion was "unfair."[281][282][283][284][285]Fox News hosted a January 10 debate at the Myrtle Beach Convention Center in South Carolina. Ron Paul participated despite his exclusion from the Fox News debate.[285] Paul declined to be interviewed after the debate by Fox News anchors Sean Hannity and Alan Colmes, citing other commitments.MSNBC hosted a two-hour debate at Florida Atlantic University on January 24, the last before the Florida Primaries.[286] Ron Paul took part, and a text message poll asking viewers who they believed had won showed Romney in first with 41% and Paul in second at 40%. On January 30, Paul was one of four candidates in a debate hosted by Los Angeles Times, The Politico and CNN in Simi Valley, California, at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.[287]On February 2, MTV and MySpace hosted a two-party debate broadcast live from New York City: "Closing Arguments: A Presidential Super Dialogue." Ron Paul and Mike Huckabee were the only Republicans to attend.[288][edit] EndorsementsSee also: Newspaper endorsements in the United States presidential primaries, 2008Ron Paul had the official endorsement of many in the 2008 nomination race, including academics, actors, politicians, and political organizations and pundits.List of Ron Paul endorsementsPaul's endorsers include:OrganizationsAlabama Constitution Party[289]Jefferson Republican Party[290]Montana Shooting Sports Association[291]The Old School Conservatives - independent political organization[292]Reform Party of Ohio[293]United Republicans of California[294]Wyoming State Shooting Association[291]Alabama Republican Assembly[295]Christians for Life and Liberty [296]PressThe American Conservative - paleoconservative magazine[297]The Muslim Observer - national newspaper[298]Elected officials – currentWalter B. Jones[299] - United States Representative from North Carolina's third districtAubyn Curtiss[300] - Montana state Senator.Michael J. Doherty[301] - New Jersey state legislator.Mike Folmer[300] - Pennsylvania state Senator.Jim Guest[302] - Missouri state representative.Phil Hart[300] - Idaho state representative.Paul Ingbretson[303] - New Hampshire state representative.Karen Johnson[304] - Arizona state senator.Rick Jore[300] - Montana representative.Roger Koopman[300] - Montana representative.Allan Mansoor[305] - mayor of Costa Mesa, California.Jerry O'Neill[306] - Montana state representative.Steve Vaillancourt[306] - New Hampshire state representative.Government officials – formerPaul Findley[306] - former member of Congress (R-IL)Barry Goldwater, Jr.[307] - former member of Congress (R-CA)Gary E. Johnson[308] - former governor of New MexicoKaren Kwiatkowski[309] - Air Force Lieutenant Colonel, RetiredAndrew Napolitano[310] - political commentator and former New Jersey Superior Court JudgePolitical – otherMichael Badnarik[311] - 2004 Libertarian Party presidential candidateChuck Baldwin[312] - 2004 Constitution Party vice-presidential candidateJim Clymer[313] - Constitution Party National ChairmanDarrell Castle[313] - Constitution Party National Co-ChairmanFrank Gonzalez[314][315] - 2008 independent congressional candidate in FloridaStephen P. Gordon[316] - former national communications director, Libertarian PartyLarry Kilgore[317] - 2008 Republican candidate for U.S. Senate in TexasSteve Kubby[318] - Former Libertarian Party presidential candidateMichael Peroutka[319] - 2004 Constitution Party presidential candidateJustin Raimondo[320] - 1996 Republican congressional candidate in California and editorial director of Antiwar.comMary Starrett[313] - Constitution Party National Communications DirectorRichard Viguerie[321] - conservative strategist and writer.Academia – economicsWalter Block, Ph.D.[322] - professor of economics at Loyola University and fellow at the Mises Institute.Ken Schoolland, M.S.F.S. - economics and political science, Hawaii Pacific University.Walter E. Williams, Ph.D.[323] - professor of economics, George Mason University.Paul has also received endorsements from active and retired economics professors at The University of Dallas, Orange Coast College, Saddleback College, Hollins University, Pepperdine University, The Johns Hopkins University, The Naval Postgraduate School, Winston-Salem State University, Hillsdale College, and Indiana University.[291][324][325]Academia – otherDavid Beito, Ph.D.[326] - professor of history, University of Alabama.Paul has also received endorsements from active and retired professors at Southern Illinois University, Ohio University, Florida Atlantic University, Brigham Young University, and the Oregon Institute of Science and Medicine.FinancePeter Schiff - financial consultant, Fox News contributor and author of Crash Proof.Don Luskin - financial consultant, columnist and author.[327]MediaAlex Jones - Texas radio host and filmmaker.Texe Marrs - pastor, author and radio host.Theodore Beale[328] - columnist.Tucker Carlson - Former host of Tucker and co-host of Crossfire, MSNBC's head election correspondentJohn Derbyshire[329] - columnist for National Review Online.J. R. Gach - talk radio host.G. Edward Griffin[330] - author and film producer.Karen Kay[291] - author.Devvy Kidd[331] - political columnist.Ilana Mercer[332] - columnist.Robert Ringer[291] - author.Lauren Royal[291] - author.Joel Skousen[333] - conservative political scientist and editor of World Affairs BriefL. Neil Smith[334] - author.Joseph Sobran[335] - columnist.Kinky Friedman[336] - author, songwriter, humorist.Andrew Sullivan - columnist at The Atlantic and blog publisher of The Daily Dish. [337]Celebrity endorsementsSinger Aimee Allen, poker player John "Tex" Barch, comedian Drew Carey[338] actress Emma Caulfield, actress Donna D'Errico, drag racer Don Garlits, singer Arlo Guthrie[339], wrestler Glenn Jacobs (a.k.a. "Kane"), race car driver Will Langhorne, country musician Rockie Lynne, wrestler Sean Morley (a.k.a. "Val Venis"), filmmaker Merlin Miller, comedian Joe Rogan, comedian Doug Stanhope, model Carrie Stroup, media personality Adam Curry, rock band From First to Last[340] and side project The Color of Violence[341], blues guitarist Jimmie Lee Vaughan, and Redskins tackle Todd Wade.[291]OtherThis section does not cite any references or sources.Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2009)Jane Roe - the plaintiff in Roe v. Wade (now pro-life activist), Overstock.com CEO Patrick M. Byrne, Stormfront White Nationalist Community webmaster Don Black, independent congressional candidate Frank Gonzalez, Moonlite Bunny Ranch brothel owner Dennis Hof, Future of Freedom Foundation president Jacob G. Hornberger, pastor Creighton Lovelace, Hutton Gibson (father of Mel Gibson).[edit] Post-campaign activitiesPaul was not invited to speak at the September 1–4 2008 Republican National Convention and instead hosted the Rally for the Republic with Ron Paul's Campaign for Liberty and 10,000 supporters. This protest convention on September 2 was held a few miles from the convention center at the Minneapolis Target Center in direct contrast to the Republican National Convention.[342] Paul received 15 delegate votes (0.63%) for the Republican nomination, falling far short of McCain's 2,343 (98.45%), which cinched him the nomination.On September 5, 2008, the Constitution Party of Montana removed Chuck Baldwin from their presidential ticket, replacing him with Ron Paul for president and Michael Peroutka for vice president.[16] Paul made an announcement stating that he "was aware that the party planned to do this, and has said that as long as he can remain passive and silent about the development, and as long as he need not sign any declaration of candidacy, that he does not object."[16] However, Paul requested on September 11 that Montana take his name off the ballot[343], stating that that he did not "seek nor consent" to the Montana Constitution Party's nomination[343]. He also suggested the Party list official Constitution Party nominee Baldwin on the Montana ballot instead[343]. Five days later the Montana Secretary of State denied Paul's request for withdrawal[344], stating that the request was sent to them too late. On September 4, 2008 a list of electors in Louisiana using the label "Louisiana Taxpayers Party" filed papers and paid $500[17] with the Secretary of State's Office.[17] They are pledged to Paul for President and Barry Goldwater,nike basket, Jr. for Vice President.[17]The same day, Paul made a brief press statement: "On the heels of his historic three-day rally in Minneapolis that drew over 12,000 attendees, Congressman Ron Paul will make a major announcement next week in Washington at the National Press Club."[345] The congressman had reportedly invited presidential candidates Chuck Baldwin, Bob Barr, Cynthia McKinney, and Ralph Nader to the press conference, leading some to speculate that they would endorse Paul running for president on the ticket of either the Constitution, Libertarian or other third party.[345][346]On September 10, 2008, Paul confirmed his open endorsement for the four candidates at a press conference in Washington D.C.[347] He also revealed that he had rejected a personal request for an endorsement from John McCain.[348] He later appeared on CNN's The Situation Room with Wolf Blitzer with Nader where th
Maya & Miguel - Wikipedia, the free encycloped
Maya & Miguel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Maya & Miguel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Maya & MiguelFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchMaya & MiguelMaya (left) and Miguel atop the Maya & Miguel logo.FormatChildren's showCreated byDeborah ForteStarringCandi MiloNika FuttermanErik EstradaLucy LiuCarlos PonceElizabeth Pe?aCountry of originUnited StatesNo. of episodes65ProductionRunning time30 minutesBroadcastOriginal channelPBS Kids GO!Original runOctober 11, 2004 (2004-10-11) – January 11, 2010 (2010-01-11)Maya & Miguel is a children's television animated series produced by Scholastic Studios. It appears on PBS as part of the PBS Kids GO! lineup and on the CBBC channel in the UK. The show premiered on October 11, 2004.Centering around the lives of pre-teen Hispanic twins Maya and Miguel Santos and their friends, the program is aimed at promoting multiculturalism and education in general. It is geared to the 5-9 age range. Part of the dialogue in each episode in the English version is in Spanish but only individual words or phrases which are explained in English.The program features well-known voice talent, including Candi Milo, Nika Futterman, Erik Estrada, Lucy Liu, Carlos Ponce and Elizabeth Pe?a.The artists have an unusual attention to detail. In one episode where Miguel is "flying" a spaceship simulator, we see that it is supported by a Stewart platform.Maya tends to be impulsive and intuitive, while Miguel tends to think things out before acting.Reruns of Seasons 1-4 will continue to air on PBS Kids GO!Contents1 Synopsis2 Characters3 List of episodes4 Voices of the characters5 DVD releases6 References7 External links[edit] SynopsisThe show presents culture and language learning as fun, relevant and rewarding for all children, with a special emphasis on the Latino population. The show chronicles the adventures, and sometimes misadventures, of 10-year-old twins Maya and Miguel Santos and features their family, friends and a diverse neighborhood. This show centers on Maya's well-intentioned meddling in her family's and friends' lives, ultimately creating new quandaries to fix. The underlying message is the importance of doing good for the family and community, and the philosophy that shared happiness is greater than personal gain. The show presents a positive, culturally rich portrayal of Latino family, language and cultures. Each episode ends with a WordGirl short. Some episodes end with Miguel announcing, "Here's what some of our friends are up to today," introducing clips of children engaging and interacting in ways consistent with the show's themes. Maya concludes episodes by exhorting viewers to "visit your local library like 'Maya & Miguel'".[edit] CharactersThe show centers around 8 main characters. Other characters are included, such as family, but the show mainly revolves around these characters:Maya Santos: A 10-year-old Mexican-American and Puerto Rican-American girl who always drags her brother and friends into her crazy schemes/ideas. Whenever Maya comes up with an idea, she always says "?éso es!" (That's it!) and her hair bow lights up; as shown in "The Bet" it will continue to glow until she says" eso es!". She can sometimes be very stubborn, ignorant, and naive, and tends to get involved in other peoples' business. Although most of her ideas don't go the way she plans them, they somehow manage to accomplish their original objective. Maya's heart is always in the right place. Voiced by Candi Milo.Miguel Santos: A 10-year-old Mexican-American and Puerto Rican-American boy who is Maya's older twin (by 3 minutes). He is slightly more practical and sensible than his sister,air jordan, and enjoys playing soccer and drawing. Every time Maya gets an idea, he gets a bad feeling about it. He knows Maya means well, but he thinks she gets more involved in other people's problems than need be. He keeps track of Maya's ideas that have gone wrong, which annoys Maya. However, he would sometimes admit that an idea of hers is the best idea yet. He is also slightly smarter than his sister. He has a crush on a girl named Kylie, which is mutual. Voiced by Nika Futterman.Maggie Lee: Maya's Chinese-American friend. She is very dramatic, fashionable, and talented she rarely disagrees with Maya's ideas. She is learning Spanish. Voiced by Lucy Liu.Theo McEwen: Miguel's best friend and soccer buddy. He is African-American. Theo loves sports as much as Miguel and sometimes they are rivals. In one episode,mercurial vapor, Theo is shown to be bullying Miguel due to his dislike of school. Theo often gets A's in his classes. He is more intelligent than his friends. He is seen using gadgets which he made himself. Theo is often the voice of reason among his friends. He is also shorter. Voiced by Jerod Mixon.Tito Chávez: Maya and Miguel's 7-year-old cousin who moved to the U.S. from Mexico with his parents. He lives in the same apartment complex. He admires his cousin Miguel. He admires Miguel so much that he even tried to look and act like him in the episode: I've Got to be Miguel. He is a big fan of a wrestler named El Guamazo Lopez, the "greatest luchador" from Mexico City. Voiced by Candi Milo.Chrissy Lum: Maya's Dominican-American friend. She is very sensitive and level-headed (sometimes she can also be gullible). Chrissy sometimes points out the flaws in Maya's plans, similar to Miguel. She strongly resembles Abby, a character in the TV show The Replacements (TV series). Voiced by Elizabeth Payne.Paco: A bilingual parrot who is the twins' pet, originally owned by their abuela. Most commonly heard saying "Pretty Bird" and "What about Paco, what about Paco?", he often gets loose,basket air jordan, causing much trouble and confusion. He often reacts to figures of speech, (mostly ones about birds) thinking they are real. Voiced by Carlos Alazraqui.Andy Arlington: A 10-year-old English-American boy who was born with only one arm and is Miguel's friend. Often seen in the background with Miguel and Theo, he likes to play soccer. Andy comes from a wealthy family. He does not consider himself to be better than anyone else,nike jordan, though. He has a crush on a Mexican girl named Esperanza, but was nervous about speaking with her as he cannot speak Spanish well and she is not fluent in English. Besides meeting and being nervous about meeting Esperanza, it is not known whether or not they are still together. Voiced by Jeannie Elias.[edit] List of episodesMain article: List of Maya & Miguel episodes[edit] Voices of the charactersCarlos Alazraqui as Paco/Mr. Nguyen/Ernesto ChavezJeff Bennett as Todd, Andy's father/Jimmy McCorkle's rapping voiceMaria Canals-Barrera as Ms. Rodriguez (Marco's Mom)Leslie Carrara-Rudolph as Simon SchulzJeannie Elias as Andy Arlington/Mrs. Lee/Jimmy McCorkle/VeronicaLiza del Mundo as Laura, Andy's motherGiGi Erneta as EsperanzaErik Estrada as Se?or FelipeNika Futterman as Miguel Santos/RebeccaCandi Milo as Maya Santos/Tito Chavez/Chrissy's MomAnnie Mumolo as KylieLiza del Mundo as Laura, Andy's motherLupe Ontiveros as Abuela ElenaElizabeth Pe?a as Rosa SantosCarlos Ponce as Santiago Santos/Chrissy's DadLucy Liu as Maggie LeeBeth Payne as ChrissyJerod Mixon as Theo McEwen[edit] DVD releasesThere has been only 3 Maya & Miguel DVD releases. There are no plans for releasing the complete seasons on DVD.Maya & Miguel: Twice the Fun (Sep. 13, 2005)Maya & Miguel: Funny Fix Ups (Sep. 13, 2005)Maya & Miguel: Cinco de Mayo (April 18, 2006)[edit] References[edit] External linksOfficial websiteMaya & Miguel at TV.comMaya & Miguel at the Internet Movie Databasev ? d ? ePBS Kids showsCurrent showsAngelina Ballerina: The Next Steps · Barney & Friends · Betsy's Kindergarten Adventures* · Between the Lions · Bob the Builder* · Caillou · Curious George · Dinosaur Train · Franny's Feet · It's a Big Big World · Lomax, The Hound of Music · Make Way for Noddy · Mama Mirabelle's Home Movies · Martha Speaks · Panwapa · Sesame Street · Super Why! · Sid the Science Kid · Thomas and Friends · Toopy and Binoo · WordWorldPBS Kids GO!Arthur · Cyberchase · DragonflyTV · Design Squad · The Electric Company (2009–) · FETCH! with Ruff Ruffman · Maya & Miguel* · Postcards from Buster* · WordGirlPast shows3-2-1 Contact · Adventures from the Book of Virtues · The Adventures of Dudley the Dragon · The Berenstain Bears (2003–) * · Bill Nye the Science Guy · The Big Comfy Couch · Boohbah · Captain Kangaroo · Charlie Horse Music Pizza · Clifford the Big Red Dog * · Clifford's Puppy Days * · Dragon Tales * · The Electric Company (1971–1977) · Gerbert · George Shrinks · Ghostwriter (1992–1995) · The Huggabug Club · In the Mix · Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks · Jay Jay: The Jet Plane * · Katie and Orbie · Kidsongs · Kratts' Creatures · Lamb Chop's Play-Along · Liberty's Kids · Long Ago & Far Away · The Magic School Bus · Mark Kistler's Imagination Station · Mister Rogers' Neighborhood * · Newton's Apple · Noddy · Pappyland · PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch · Peep and the Big Wide World · Powerhouse · The Puzzle Place · Reading Rainbow · Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat * · Shining Time Station · Square One Television · Seven Little Monsters · Teletubbies · Theodore Tugboat · Tots TV · Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego? · Where in Time is Carmen Sandiego? · Wimzie's House · Wishbone * · Zoboomafoo * · Zoobilee Zoo · ZOOM *NoteThis list does not include shows from networks airing PBS Kids shows that are not funded directly by PBS,air jordan pas cher, such as shows created by and funded by local PBS affiliates.See alsoPBS network shows · Educational television* = No new episodes are being produced; reruns still airing on many major PBS stations or on PBS Kids Sprout.Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_%26_Miguel"Categories: Fictional American people of Mexican descent | Fictional American people of Puerto Rican descent | PBS network shows | 2000s American animated television series | 2004 American television series debutsPersonal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable versionLanguagesBosanskiEspa?olFran?ais This page was last modified on 1 July 2010 at 22:28.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers
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Atlas Shrugged - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia_
Atlas Shrugged - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Atlas Shrugged - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Atlas ShruggedFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchAtlas Shrugged First edition cover.AuthorAyn RandCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishGenre(s)Philosophical novel, Science fictionPublisherRandom HousePublication dateOctober 10, 1957Media typePrint (Hardback & Paperback)Pages1368 (depending on edition)ISBNISBN 0-394-41576-0 (hardback edition)OCLC Number412355486Atlas Shrugged is a novel by Ayn Rand, first published in 1957 in the United States. This was Rand's fourth, longest and last novel, and she considered it her magnum opus in the realm of fiction writing.[1] As indicated by its working title The Strike, the book explores a dystopian United States where leading innovators, ranging from industrialists to artists, refuse to be exploited by society. The protagonist, Dagny Taggart, sees society collapse around her as the government increasingly asserts control over all industry, while society's most productive citizens, led by the mysterious John Galt, progressively disappear. Galt describes the strike as "stopping the motor of the world" by withdrawing the "minds" that drive society's growth and productivity; with their strike these creative minds hope to demonstrate that the economy and society would collapse without the profit motive and the efforts of the rational and productive.The novel's title is a reference to the mythical Titan, Atlas, who in the novel is said to hold the weight of the heavens on his shoulders.[2] At one point, the character of Francisco d'Anconia asks the character Hank Rearden what sort of advice he would give to Atlas. Rearden is unable to answer, so Francisco gives his own response: "to shrug" (with Atlas being a metaphor for the champions of industry who keep the world in place). The novel includes elements of mystery and science fiction,[3] and it contains Rand's most extensive statement of Objectivism in any of her works of fiction via a lengthy monologue delivered by the strike's leader,nike mercurial vapor france, John Galt.[4]The theme of Atlas Shrugged, as Rand described it, is "the role of man's mind in existence." The book explores a number of philosophical themes that Rand would subsequently develop into the philosophy of Objectivism.[5][6] It advocates the core tenets of Rand's philosophy of Objectivism and expresses her concept of human achievement. In doing so it expresses many facets of Rand's philosophy, such as the advocacy of reason, individualism, the market economy and the failure of government coercion.Atlas Shrugged received largely negative reviews after its 1957 publication,[7] but achieved enduring popularity and consistent sales in the following decades. In the wake of the late 2000s recession, sales of Atlas Shrugged have sharply increased, according to The Economist magazine and The New York Times. The Economist reported that the fifty-two-year-old novel ranked #33 among Amazon.com's top-selling books on January 13, 2009.[8]Contents1 Context and writing of Atlas Shrugged2 Synopsis2.1 Setting2.2 Structure2.3 Plot summary3 Themes3.1 Philosophy3.2 Sanction of the victim3.3 Government and business3.4 Property rights and individualism3.5 Social classes3.6 Theory of sex3.7 Fictional technology & Atlas as science fiction4 Reception4.1 Psychological criticism4.2 Praise, influence and renewed popularity5 Film and television adaptations6 See also7 References8 Further reading8.1 Publications8.2 Foreign language translations9 External links[edit] Context and writing of Atlas ShruggedAuthor Ayn RandRand referred to Atlas Shrugged as a mystery novel, "not about the murder of man’s body, but about the murder ― and rebirth ― of man’s spirit."[9] Her stated goal of writing the text was "to show how desperately the world needs prime movers and how viciously it treats them" and to portray "what happens to a world without them."[9]Rand remarked that the core idea for the book came to her after a 1943 telephone conversation with a friend who asserted that Rand owed it to her readers to write a nonfiction book about her philosophy. Rand replied, "What if I went on strike? What if all the creative minds of the world went on strike?"[10] Rand then set out to create a work of fiction that explored the role of the mind in man's life and the morality of rational self-interest,[11] by exploring the consequences when the "men of the mind" go on strike, refusing to allow their inventions, art, business leadership, scientific research, or new ideas to be taken from them by the government or by the rest of the world. Leonard Peikoff noted that "Atlas Shrugged did not become the novel's title until Rand's husband Frank O'Connor made the suggestion in 1956." The working title throughout her writing was The Strike. According to Barbara Branden, the change was made for dramatic reasons��Rand believed that titling the novel "The Strike" would have revealed the mystery element of the novel prematurely.[12]To produce Atlas Shrugged, Rand conducted research on American industry, specifically the railroad industry, which forms a key element in her novel. Her previous work on a proposed (but never realized) screenplay based on the development of the atomic bomb, including her interviews of J. Robert Oppenheimer, was used in the portrait of the character Robert Stadler and the novel's depiction of the development of "Project X." In order to do further background research, Rand toured and inspected a number of industrial facilities, such as the Kaiser Steel plant, rode the locomotives of the New York Central Railroad, and even learned to operate the locomotive of the Twentieth Century Limited (and proudly reported that when operating it, "nobody touched a lever except me.")[10][13]Rand's self-identified literary influences include Victor Hugo, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Edmond Rostand, and O. Henry.[14] In addition, Justin Raimondo has observed similarities between Atlas Shrugged and the 1922 novel The Driver, written by Garet Garrett,[15] which concerns an idealized industrialist named Henry Galt, who is a transcontinental railway owner trying to improve the world and fighting against government and socialism. In contrast, Chris Matthew Sciabarra found Raimondo's "claims that Rand plagiarized...The Driver" to be "unsupported,"[16] and Stephan Kinsella doubts that Rand was in any way influenced by Garrett.[17] Writer Bruce Ramsey observed, "Both The Driver and Atlas Shrugged have to do with running railroads during an economic depression, and both suggest pro-capitalist ways in which the country might get out of the depression. But in plot, character, tone, and theme they are very different."[18]In order to persuade Rand to publish her novel with Random House, publisher Bennet Cerf proposed a "philosophic contest" in which Rand would submit her work to various publishers to judge their response to its ideas, so she could evaluate who might best promote her work.[19] Because of the success of Rand's 1943 novel The Fountainhead, the initial print run was 100,000 copies. It marked a turning point in her life, ending her career as novelist and beginning her tenure as popular philosopher.[20][edit] Synopsis[edit] SettingAtlas Shrugged is set in a dystopian United States at an unspecified time. Writer Edward Younkins noted, "The story may be simultaneously described as anachronistic and timeless. The pattern of industrial organization appears to be that of the late 1800s...the mood seems to be close to that of the depression-era 1930s. Both the social customs and the level of technology remind one of the 1950s."[21] Many early 20th-century technologies are available, and the steel and railroad industries are especially significant; jet planes are described as a relatively new technology, and television is a novelty significantly less influential than radio. While many other countries are mentioned in passing, there is no mention of the Soviet Union, no reference to World War II or the Cold War. It is implied that the countries of the world are converting to big government statism, along vaguely Marxist lines, in references to "People's States" in Europe and South America. Great Britain, for example, is now the "People's State of England", it is implied that the monarchy has been abolished, but Scotland is mentioned separately. There are also plot elements that refer to nationalization of businesses in these "People's States", as well as in America. The "mixed economy" of the book's present is often contrasted with the "pure" capitalism of 19th century America, wistfully recalled as a lost Golden Age.[edit] StructureThe novel is divided into three parts consisting of ten chapters each. Robert James Bidinotto noted "the titles of the parts and chapters suggest multiple layers of meaning. The three parts, for example, are named in honor of Aristotle's laws of logic...Part One is titled 'Non-Contradiction'...Part Two, titled 'Either-Or'...[and] Part Three is titled 'A Is A,' symbolizing what Rand referred to as 'the Law of Identity'."[22][edit] Plot summarySee also: List of characters in Atlas ShruggedAs the novel opens, protagonist Dagny Taggart, executive of Taggart Transcontinental, a giant railroad company originally pioneered by her grandfather, attempts to keep the company alive during difficult economic times marked by collectivism and statism. While Dagny runs the company from behind the scenes, her brother, James Taggart, the railroad's President, is peripherally aware of the company's troubles but will not make any difficult choices, preferring to avoid responsibility for any actions while watching his company go under. As this unfolds, Dagny is disappointed to discover that Francisco d'Anconia, a true genius and her only childhood friend, first love, and king of the copper industry, appears to have become a worthless playboy who is destroying his family's monopoly, which has made him into one of the richest and most powerful men in the world.She meets Hank Rearden, a self-made steel magnate of great integrity, who has recently developed a metal alloy called Rearden metal, now the strongest and most reliable metal in the world. Hank chooses to keep the instructions to its creation a secret, sparking jealousy and uproar among competitors. Hank's career is hindered by his feelings of obligation toward his manipulative wife, mother, and ungrateful younger brother, who show no appreciation for everything he provides for them. Dagny also becomes acquainted with Wesley Mouch, a Washington lobbyist who leads the government's efforts in controlling all commerce and enterprise, intentionally destroying the common man's opportunity to build a largely successful, free market business. The reader also becomes acquainted with Ellis Wyatt, the sole founder and supervisor of the successful enterprise Wyatt Oil. He is a young, self possessed, hard working gentleman - one of the few men still loyal to Dagny and Hank's efforts in pushing for a system of business free of government meddling and control.While economic conditions worsen and government agencies continue to enforce their control on successful businesses, the naive, yet weary mass of citizens are often heard reciting the new, popular street phrase, "Who is John Galt?" This sarcastic phrase is given in response to what tend to be sincere questions often imploring heavy subjects, wherein the individual can find no answer. It sarcastically means, "Don't ask important questions, because we don't have answers," or more broadly, "What's the point?" or "Why bother?"As the reader proceeds, Dagny begins to notice the nation's brightest innovators and business leaders abruptly disappearing, one by one, under mysterious circumstances, all leaving their top industrial businesses to certain failure. The most recent of these leaders to have vanished is Dagny's friend Ellis Wyatt, who, like the others, has suddenly dissolved into thin air, void of a single warning, leaving nothing behind except an empty office and his most successful oil well now spewing petroleum and fire high into the air. Each of these men prove to be absent despite a thorough search put on by the ever anxious politicians, who've now found themselves trapped within a government that has been "left-to-dry," by its leaders in business - utterly helpless without them.In a romantic (yet deeply meaningful) subplot, Dagny and Hank fall deeply in love for each other. Rand refers to their love as a purer kind of love than the one that most men and women engage in. These two people have a purpose in life, and they see in each other a similar soul to their own. In the universe of the novel, men with purpose are a rare sight. Hank and Dagny go on a holiday drive across many states of the USA. they discover, amongst the ruins of an abandoned factory, an incomplete motor that transforms atmospheric static electricity into kinetic electricity. Deeply moved by the significance of this motor, which would completely transform the world, Dagny sets out to find the inventor.In the final section of the novel, Taggart discovers the truth about John Galt, who is leading an organized "strike" against those who use the force of law and moral guilt to confiscate the accomplishments of society's productive members. With the collapse of the nation and its rapacious government all but certain, Galt emerges to reconstruct a society that will celebrate individual achievement and enlightened self-interest, delivering a long speech (seventy pages in the first edition) serving to explain the novel's theme and Rand's philosophy of Objectivism, in the book's longest single chapter.[23][edit] Themes[edit] PhilosophyMain article: Objectivism (Ayn Rand)The story of Atlas Shrugged dramatically expresses Rand's philosophy of Objectivism: Rand's ethical egoism, her advocacy of "rational selfishness", is perhaps her most well-known position. For Rand, all of the principal virtues and vices are applications of the role of reason as man's basic tool of survival (or a failure to apply it): rationality, honesty, justice, independence, integrity, productiveness, and pride―each of which she explains in some detail in "The Objectivist Ethics."[24] Rand's characters often personify her view of the archetypes of various schools of philosophy for living and working in the world. Robert James Bidinotto wrote that "Rand rejected the literary convention that depth and plausibility demand characters who are naturalistic replicas of the kinds of people we meet in everyday life, uttering everyday dialogue and pursuing everyday values. But she also rejected the notion that characters should be symbolic rather than realistic."[22] and Rand herself stated, "My characters are never symbols, they are merely men in sharper focus than the audience can see with unaided sight...My characters are persons in whom certain human attributes are focused more sharply and consistently than in average human beings."[22]In addition to the plot's more obvious statements about the significance of industrialists to society, and the sharp contrast it provides to the Marxist version of the Labor Theory of Value, this explicit conflict is used by Rand to draw wider philosophical conclusions, both implicit in the plot and via the characters' own statements. Atlas Shrugged portrays fascism, socialism and communism � any form of state intervention in society � as systemically and fatally flawed, but, in addition, positions are expressed on a variety of other topics, including sex, politics, friendship, charity, childhood, and many others. Rand said that it is not a fundamentally political book, but a demonstration of the individual mind's position and value in society.[25]Rand argues that independence and individual achievement enables society to survive and thrive, and should be embraced. But this requires a rational moral code. She argues that, over time, coerced self-sacrifice must cause any society to self-destruct.Similarly, Rand rejects faith (that "short-cut to knowledge," she writes in the novel, which in fact is only a "short-circuit" destroying knowledge), along with any sort of a god or higher being. Rand urges the rejection of anything claiming "authority" over one's own mind - apart from the absolute of existence itself. The book positions itself against religion specifically,nike mercurial, often directly within the characters' dialogue.[edit] Sanction of the victimThe concept "Sanction of the victim" is defined by Leonard Peikoff as "the willingness of the good to suffer at the hands of the evil, to accept the role of sacrificial victim for the 'sin' of creating values."[26] This concept may be original in the thinking of Rand and is foundational to her moral theory: she holds that evil is a parasite on the good and can only exist if the good tolerates it. Atlas Shrugged can be seen as an answer to the question of what would happen if this sanction were revoked. When Atlas shrugs, relieving himself of the burden of carrying the world, he is revoking his sanction.Throughout Atlas Shrugged, numerous characters admit that there is something wrong with the world that they cannot identify; frequently, they are struggling with the idea of sanction of the victim. We first glimpse the concept when Hank Rearden feels he is duty-bound to support his family, despite their hostility towards him; later, the principle is stated explicitly by Dan Conway: "I suppose somebody's got to be sacrificed. If it turned out to be me, I have no right to complain." John Galt vows to stop the motor of the world by persuading the creators of the world to withhold their sanction: "Evil is impotent and has no power but that which we let it extort from us," and, "I saw that evil was impotent...and the only weapon of its triumph was the willingness of the good to serve it."In Rand's view, morality requires that we do not sanction our own victimhood. She assigns virtue to the trait of rational self-interest. However, Rand contends that moral selfishness does not mean a license to do whatever one pleases, guided by whims. It means the exacting discipline of defining and pursuing one's rational self-interest. A code of rational self-interest rejects every form of human sacrifice, whether of oneself to others or of others to oneself.[edit] Government and business"In Atlas Shrugged, Rand tells the story of the U.S. economy crumbling under the weight of crushing government interventions and regulations. Meanwhile, blaming greed and the free market, Washington responds with more controls that only deepen the crisis. Sound familiar?"[27]Yaron Brook, "Is Rand Relevant?"The Wall Street Journal, March 15, 2009Atlas Shrugged endorses the belief that a society's best hope rests on adopting a system of pure laissez-faire. Rand's view of the ideal government is expressed by John Galt, who says, "The political system we will build is contained in a single moral premise: no man may obtain any values from others by resorting to physical force," and claims that "no rights can exist without the right to translate one's rights into reality―to think, to work and to keep the results―which means: the right of property." Galt himself lives a life of laissez-faire capitalism as the only way to live consistently with his beliefs.In the world of Atlas Shrugged, society stagnates when independent productive achievers began to be socially demonized and even punished for their accomplishments.[28] Independence and personal happiness had flourished to the extent that people were free, and achievement was rewarded to the extent that individual ownership of private property was strictly respected. This is in line with an excerpt from a 1964 interview with Playboy magazine in which Rand states "What we have today is not a capitalist society, but a mixed economy � that is, a mixture of freedom and controls, which, by the presently dominant trend, is moving toward dictatorship. The action in Atlas Shrugged takes place at a time when society has reached the stage of dictatorship. When and if this happens, that will be the time to go on strike, but not until then."[29]Rand characterizes the actions of government employees in a way that is consistent with public choice theory, describing how the language of altruism is used to pass legislation that is nominally in the public interest (e.g., the "Anti-Dog-Eat-Dog Rule," and "The Equalization of Opportunity Bill") but which in reality serves special interests and government agencies at the expense of the public and the producers of value.[30] In the novel, the "Anti-dog-eat-dog" rule, as passed by the National Alliance of Railroads, is an example of this type of dictatorship: "The Anti-dog-eat-dog Rule is the logical result of a mixed economy―one in the process of rejecting capitalism. When the government has the power to control and regulate private business, it's in a position to dispense economic favors."[31]In the novel, Wyatt Oil after Ellis Wyatt and Taggart Transcontinental and d'Anconia Copper are named after their founders (and, being family-held, their present owners). Nielsen Motors, Hammond Cars and Ayers Music Publishing are also presented as competent. Those who use their own names to name their companies become strikers, with the minor exception of Mr. Ayers of the Ayers Music Publishing Company. On the other hand, names which convey a sense of a collective, impersonal entity are those of "looter" companies: Orren Boyle named his government-dependent, influence-peddling company "Associated Steel." Another example is Mr. Mowen's "Amalgamated Switch and Signal Company, Inc."[edit] Property rights and individualism"Run for your life from any man who tells you that money is evil. That sentence is the leper's bell of an approaching looter."[32]Francisco d'Anconia, Atlas ShruggedRand's heroes must continually fight against "parasites," "looters," and "moochers" who demand the benefits of the heroes' labor. Edward Younkins describes Atlas Shrugged as "an apocalyptic vision of the last stages of conflict between two classes of humanity- the looters and the non-looters. The looters are proponents of high taxation, big labor, government ownership, government spending, government planning, regulation, and redistribution."[33]"Looters" confiscate others' earnings by force ("at the point of a gun,") and include government officials, whose demands are backed by the implicit threat of force. Some officials are merely executing government policy, such as those who confiscate one state's seed grain to feed the starving citizens of another; others are exploiting those policies, such as the railroad regulator who illegally sells the railroad's supplies for his own profit. Both use force to take property from the people who produced or earned it."Moochers" demand others' earnings on behalf of the needy and those unable to earn themselves, however, they curse the producers who make that help possible and are jealous and resentful of the talented on whom they depend. They are ultimately as destructive as the looters― destroying the productive through guilt, and appealing to "moral right" while enabling the "lawful" looting performed by governments.Looting and mooching are seen at all levels of the world Atlas Shrugged portrays, from the looting officials Dagny Taggart must work around and the mooching brother Hank Rearden struggles with, to the looting of whole industries by companies like Associated Steel and the mooching demands for foreign aid by the starving countries of Europe.One of the novel's heroes, Francisco d'Anconia, indicates the role of "looters" in relation to money itself:"So you think that money is the root of all evil?... Have you ever asked what is the root of money? Money is a tool of exchange, which can't exist unless there are goods produced and men able to produce them. Money is the material shape of the principle that men who wish to deal with one another must deal by trade and give value for value. Money is not the tool of the moochers, who claim your product by tears, or the looters who take it from you by force. Money is made possible only by the men who produce. Is this what you consider evil? ... Not an ocean of tears nor all the guns in the world can transform those pieces of paper in your wallet into bread you need to survive tomorrow. ... Whenever destroyers appear among men, they start by destroying money, for money is men's protection and the base of a moral existence. Destroyers seize gold and leave its owners a counterfeit pile of paper. This kills all objective standards and delivers men into the arbitrary power of an arbitrary setter of values... Paper is a mortgage on wealth that does not exist, backed by a gun aimed at those who are expected to produce it. Paper is a check drawn by legal looters upon an account which is not theirs: upon the virtue of the victims. Watch for the day when it becomes marked: 'Account Overdrawn.'"[32][edit] Social classesThe characters in Atlas Shrugged are portrayed based on their productive effort, respect for rights, intellectual honesty, and moral integrity independent of their wealth or social class. Among the heroes, John Galt and Hank Rearden are from working class backgrounds, while Dagny Taggart and Francisco d'Anconia are from wealthy families. Among the villains, Fred Kinnan is from a working class background, while James Taggart and Lillian Rearden are from wealthy families.[edit] Theory of sex"Through Dagny's associations...Rand illustrates what a relationship between two self-actualized, equal human beings can be...Rand denies the existence of a split between the physical and the mental, the desires of the flesh and the longings of the spirit."[34]Mimi Reisel Gladstein, "Ayn Rand and Feminism: An Unlikely Alliance"In rejecting the traditional altruistic moral code, Rand also rejects the sexual code that, in her view, is the logical implication of altruism. In Atlas Shrugged Rand introduces a theory of sex that is based in her broader ethical and psychological theories. Rather than considering sexual desire a debasing animal instinct, Rand portrays it as the highest celebration of human values, a physical response to intellectual and spiritual values that gives concrete expression to what could otherwise be experienced only in the abstract.In Atlas Shrugged, characters are sexually attracted, usually subconsciously, to those who embody or seem to embody their values, be they higher or lower values by Rand's standards. Characters who lack clear purpose find sex devoid of meaning. This is illustrated in the contrasting relationships of Hank Rearden with Lillian Rearden and Dagny Taggart, by the relationships of James Taggart with Cherryl Brooks and with Lillian Rearden, and finally in the relationship between Dagny and John Galt.Feminist author and critic Camille Paglia and the contributors to 1999's Feminist Interpretations of Ayn Rand have noted Dagny Taggart as an example of Rand's "fiercely independent―and unapologetically sexual" heroines who are unbound by "tradition's chains ... [and] who had sex because they wanted to."[35][edit] Fictional technology & Atlas as science fictionTechnological progress and intellectual breakthroughs in scientific theory both figure prominently in Atlas Shrugged, leading some observers to classify Atlas in the genre of science fiction. Writer Jeff Riggenbach notes, "Galt's motor is one of the three inventions that propel the action of Atlas Shrugged," the other two being Rearden Metal and the government's sonic weapon, Project X.[36] Other fictional technologies included in the story are refractor rays (Gulch mirage), a sophisticated electrical torture device (the Ferris Persuader), voice activated door locks (Gulch power station), palm-activated door locks (Galt's NY lab), and a process for extracting oil from shale. Riggenbach adds, "Rand's overall message with regard to science seems clear: the role of science in human life and human society is to provide the knowledge on the basis of which technological advancement and the related improvements in the quality of human life can be realized. But science can fulfill this role only in a society in which human beings are left free to conduct their business as they see fit."[37][edit] ReceptionAtlas Shrugged debuted on The New York Times Bestseller List at #6 three days after its publication date.[10] It remained on the list for 21 weeks, peaking at #4 for a six-week period beginning December 8, 1957.[10]"Both conservatives and liberals were unstinting in disparaging the book; the right saw promotion of godlessness, and the left saw a message of greed is good. Rand is said to have cried every day as the reviews came out."The New York Times [9]Atlas Shrugged was generally disliked by critics, despite being a popular success. The book was dismissed by some as "an homage to greed", while author Gore Vidal described its philosophy as "nearly perfect in its immorality."[9] Helen Beal Woodward, reviewing Atlas Shrugged for The Saturday Review, opined that the novel was written with "dazzling virtuosity" but that it was "shot through with hatred."[38] This was echoed by Granville Hicks, writing for The New York Times Book Review, who also stated that the book was "written out of hate."[39] The reviewer for Time magazine asked: "Is it a novel? Is it a nightmare? Is it Superman��in the comic strip or the Nietzschean version?"[40] In the conservative magazine National Review, Whittaker Chambers called Atlas Shrugged "sophomoric" and "remarkably silly," and said it "can be called a novel only by devaluing the term".[41] Chambers argued against the novel's implicit endorsement of atheism, whereby "Randian man, like Marxian man is made the center of a godless world."[41] Chambers also wrote that the implicit message of the novel is akin to "Hitler's National Socialism and Stalin's brand of Communism" ("To the gas chambers go!").[41]The negative reviews produced responses from some of Rand's admirers, including a letter by Alan Greenspan to The New York Times Book Review, in which he responded to Hicks' claim that "the book was written out of hate" by saying, "...Atlas Shrugged is a celebration of life and happiness. Justice is unrelenting. Creative individuals and undeviating purpose and rationality achieve joy and fulfillment. Parasites who persistently avoid either purpose or reason perish as they should."[42] In an unpublished letter to the National Review, Leonard Peikoff wrote, "... Mr. Chambers is an ex-Communist. He has attacked Atlas Shrugged in the best tradition of the Communists - by lies, smears, and cowardly misrepresentations. Mr. Chambers may have changed a few of his political views; he has not changed the method of intellectual analysis and evaluation of the Party to which he belonged." National Review did not publish the letter. However, the letter will appear publicly for the first time in Essays on Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged.[43]Positive reviews appeared in a number of publications. Richard McLaughlin, reviewing the novel for The American Mercury, compared it to Uncle Tom's Cabin in importance.[44] Well-known journalist and book reviewer John Chamberlain, writing in The New York Herald Tribune, found Atlas Shrugged satisfying on many levels: science fiction, a "Dostoevsky" detective story and, most importantly, a "profound political parable."[45][46] However, Mimi Reisel Gladstein writes that reviewers who have "appreciated not only Rand's writing style but also her message" have been "far outweighed by those who have been everything from hysterically hostile to merely uncomprehending."[47][edit] Psychological criticismFormer Rand associate Nathaniel Branden, to whom the book was originally dedicated, argues that Atlas Shrugged "encourages emotional repression and self-disowning" and that her works contain contradictory messages. Branden claims that the characters rarely talk "on a simple, human level without launching into philosophical sermons." He criticizes the potential psychological impact of the novel, stating that John Galt's recommendation to respond to wrongdoing with "contempt and moral condemnation" clashes with the view of psychologists who say this only causes the wrongdoing to repeat itself.[48] Rand herself, however, would not have regarded a novel as needing to portray such "ordinary" human interaction at all, even if an entire philosophy of life does need to address this.[49][edit] Praise, influence and renewed popularityFor more details on this topic, see Bibliography for Ayn Rand and Objectivism.According to a 1991 survey by the Library of Congress and the Book of the Month Club, Atlas Shrugged was second to the Bible as the book that made the most difference in American readers' lives.[5] Modern Library's 1998 three-month online poll of the 100 best novels of the 20th century[50][51] found Atlas rated #1 although it was not included on the list chosen by the Modern Library panel of authors and scholars.[52] The list was formed on 217,520 votes cast.[53]In 1997, the libertarian Cato Institute held a joint conference with The Atlas Society, an Objectivist organization, to celebrate the fortieth anniversary of the publication of Atlas Shrugged.[54] At this event, Howard Dickman of Reader's Digest stated that the novel had "turned millions of readers on to the ideas of liberty" and said that the book had the important message of the readers' "profound right to be happy."[54]The C-SPAN television series American Writers listed Rand as one of twenty-two surveyed figures of American literature, though primarily mentioning The Fountainhead rather than Atlas Shrugged.[55]Rand's impact on contemporary libertarian thought has been considerable, and it is noteworthy that the title of the leading libertarian magazine, Reason: Free Minds, Free Markets is taken directly from John Galt, the hero of Atlas Shrugged, who argues that "a free mind and a free market are corollaries."The award-winning 2007 dystopian video game BioShock offers a sharply critical depiction of Objectivist principles in practice. The game makes frequent references to Rand's philosophy and work, including Atlas Shrugged, with the in-game location Rapture being a version of Galt's Gulch,[56] a character named Atlas,[57] and the name of another character, Andrew Ryan, being a play on Rand's name.[58]"I know from talking to a lot of Fortune 500 C.E.O.’s that Atlas Shrugged has had a significant effect on their business decisions, even if they don’t agree with all of Ayn Rand’s ideas."John A. Allison, CEO of BB&T [9]In the wake of the late 2000s recession the book got again more media attention and was advised to read by conservative commentators as a warning against social progress as a reaction to the finance crisis. Conservative commentators Neal Boortz[59], Glenn Beck, and Rush Limbaugh[60] have offered high praise of the book on their respective radio and television programs. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court Clarence Thomas had cited Atlas Shrugged already in 2006 as among his favorite novels.[61] Republican Congressman John Campbell said for example: "People are starting to feel like we're living through the scenario that happened in [the novel]... We're living in Atlas Shrugged," echoing Stephen Moore in an article published in The Wall Street Journal on January 9, 2009, titled "Atlas Shrugged From Fiction to Fact in 52 Years."[62]The sales of Atlas Shrugged have since then sharply increased, according to The Economist magazine and The New York Times. The Economist reported that the fifty-two-year-old novel ranked #33 among Amazon.com's top-selling books on January 13, 2009 and that its thirty day sales average showed the novel selling three times faster than during the same period of the previous year. With an attached sales chart, The Economist reported that sales "spikes" of the book seemed to coincide with the release of economic data. Subsequently, on April 2, 2009, Atlas Shrugged ranked #1 in the "Fiction and Literature" category at Amazon and #15 in overall sales.[63][64][65] Total sales of the novel in 2009 exceeded 500,000 copies.[66][edit] Film and television adaptationsA film adaptation of Atlas Shrugged has been in "development hell" for over 35 years.[67] In 1972, Albert S. Ruddy approached Rand to produce a cinematic adaptation of Atlas Shrugged. Rand insisted on having final script approval, which Ruddy refused to give her, thus preventing a deal. In 1978, Henry and Michael Jaffe negotiated a deal for an eight-hour Atlas Shrugged television miniseries on NBC. Michael Jaffe hired screenwriter Sterling Silliphant to adapt the novel and he obtained approval from Rand on the final script. However, in 1979, with Fred Silverman's rise as president of NBC, the project was scrapped.[68]Rand, a former Hollywood screenwriter herself, began writing her own screenplay, but died in 1982 with only one-third of it finished. She left her estate, including the film rights to Atlas, to her student Leonard Peikoff, who sold an option to Michael Jaffe and Ed Snider. Peikoff would not approve the script they wrote, and the deal fell through. In 1992,mercurial pas cher, investor John Aglialoro bought an option to produce the film, paying Peikoff over $1 million for full creative control.[68]In 1999, under John Aglialoro's sponsorship, Albert Ruddy negotiated a deal with Turner Network Television for a four-hour miniseries, but the project was killed after the AOL Time Warner merger. After the TNT deal fell through Howard and Karen Baldwin obtained the rights while running Phillip Anschutz's Crusader Entertainment. The Baldwins left Crusader and formed Baldwin Entertainment Group in 2004, taking the rights to Atlas Shrugged with them. Michael Burns of Lions Gate Entertainment approached the Baldwins to fund and distribute Atlas Shrugged.[68] A two-part draft screenplay written by James V. Hart[69] was re-written into a 127-page screenplay by Randall Wallace, with Vadim Perelman expected to direct.[70] Potential cast members for this production have included Angelina Jolie,[71] Charlize Theron,[72] Julia Roberts,[73] Anne Hathaway,[73] Russell Crowe,[74] and Brad Pitt.[69] Subsequent developments have cast doubt on the participation of some of these individuals, although the resurgence of public interest in the novel appears to be attracting additional funding.[75]In May 2010, Brian Patrick O'Toole and Aglialoro wrote a screenplay, intent to begin filming in June 2010. Stephen Polk was set to direct.[76] Principal photography began on June 13, 2010 which resulted in Aglialoro's preservation of his rights to the property, which were set to expire on June 15, 2010. Under the direction of Paul Johansson, who also plays Galt, shooting is expected to take five weeks with a budget north of US$5 million. Dagny Taggart is played by Taylor Schilling and Grant Bowler is playing Hank Rearden.[77] The film is being produced by Harmon Kaslow and John Aglialoro and should be completed by the end of 2010.[edit] See alsoAristotelianismAustrian SchoolDystopiaIndustrial RevolutionJames J. Hill (1838�1916) builder of the Great Northern Railway (U.S.)LibertarianismLibertarianism and ObjectivismLaissez-faireObjectivism (Ayn Rand)Objectivist movementRomanticismBioShock, a 2007 video game that took many elements from Atlas Shrugged[edit] References^ Rand, Ayn. Journals of Ayn Rand, edited by David Harriman. (1997) Dutton. ISBN 0-525-94370-6 p.704 Harriman quotes from a 1961 interview in which Rand says, "Atlas Shrugged was the climax and completion of the goal I had set for myself at the age of nine. It expressed everything that I wanted of fiction writing."^ As recorded in Hesiod's Theogony, Atlas holds the sky in punishment for waging war against Zeus.^ Gladstein, Mimi (1999). The New Ayn Rand Companion. Westport: Greenwood Press. p. 42. ISBN 0-313-30321-5. ^ For more on Atlas Shrugged, see Robert Mayhew, Essays on Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged, Lexington, 2009.^ a b Michael Shermer. The Mind of the Market. (2008). Times Books. ISBN 0-8050-7832-0, p. XX^ "Scandals lead execs to 'Atlas Shrugged'" USA Today, September 23, 2002^ See http://www.noblesoul.com/orc/books/rand/atlas/, retrieved August 9, 2006, for a list of reviews and bibliographical information.^ "Ayn Rand: Atlas felt a sense of déjà vu". The Economist. 2009-02-26. http://www.economist.com/finance/displayStory.cfm?story_id=13185404. Retrieved 2009-09-12. ^ a b c d e Ayn Rand’s Literature of Capitalism by Harriet Rubin, The New York Times, September 15, 2007^ a b c d "History of Atlas Shrugged". Ayn Rand Institute. http://atlasshrugged.com/book/history.html. Retrieved 2009-04-07. ^ Rand, Ayn. Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal. (1986) Signet. ISBN 0-451-14795-2 p.150^ Branden, Barbara (1986). The Passion of Ayn Rand. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company. p. 291. ISBN 0-385-19171-5. OCLC 12614728. ^ David Harriman, edit., Journals of Ayn Rand, pp. 311-344, 566-578, 617; Michael Berliner, edit., Letters of Ayn Rand, pp. 311,378, 381-383, and 457-459, and "letter to Isabel Paterson," Feb. 7, 1948, pp.188-193.^ Rand, Ayn, "Favorite Writers," reprinted in Schwartz, Peter, edit., The Ayn Rand Column, Second Renaissance Books, 1991, pp. 113-115.^ Raimondo, Justin (1993). Reclaiming the American Right: The Lost Legacy of the Conservative Movement. Center for Libertarian Studies. ISBN 1-883959-00-4. ^ Sciabarra, Chris Matthew (March/April 1999). "Books for Rand Studies". Full Context 11 (4): 9�11. http://www.nyu.edu/projects/sciabarra/essays/cult.htm. ^ Kinsella, Stephan (October 2, 2007). "Ayn Rand and Garet Garrett". Mises Economics Blog. Ludwig von Mises Institute. http://blog.mises.org/archives/007246.asp. Retrieved 2009-10-07. ^ Ramsey, Bruce (December 27, 2008). "The Capitalist Fiction of Garet Garrett". Ludwig von Mises Institute. http://www.lewrockwell.com/orig2/ramsey8.html. Retrieved 2009-04-09. ^ "History of Atlas Shrugged - Development". Ayn Rand Institute. http://atlasshrugged.com/book/history.html#development. Retrieved 2008-04-07. ^ Younkins, Edward (2007). "Preface". Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged. Aldershot: Ashgate. p. 1. ISBN 0754655490. "Atlas Shrugged … is the demarcation work and turning point that culminated [Rand's] career as a novelist and propelled her into a career as a popular philosophizer" ^ Younkins, Edward Wayne. Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged: A Philosophical and Literary Companion. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2007 ISBN 0-7546-5549-0, 978-0-7546-5549-7. pp. 9-10.^ a b c Robert James Bidinotto. "Atlas Shrugged as Literature". The Atlas Society. http://www.objectivistcenter.org/showcontent.aspx?ct=1987&printer=True. Retrieved 2009-04-10. ^ Atlas Shrugged, Centennial Edition, Signet, 1992.^ On Rand's normative ethics see also Smith, Tara, The Virtuous Egoist: Ayn Rands Normative Ethics Cambridge University Press, 2006 ISBN 978-0521860505 .^ Peikoff, Leonard. "Introduction to the 35th Anniversary Edition," in Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged (1996/1957) Signet. ISBN 0-451-19114-5 p. 6-8.^ Leonard Peikoff, "The Philosophy of Objectivism" lecture series (1976), Lecture 8. [1]^ Brook, Yaron (March 15, 2009). ""Is Rand Relevant?"". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123698976776126461.html. Retrieved 2009-04-13. ^ The concept of societal stagnation in the wake of collectivist systems is also central to the plot of another of Rand's works, Anthem.^ "Ayn Rand interviewed by Alvin Toffler". Playboy Magazine. discoveraynrand.com. 1964. http://www.discoveraynrand.com/playboyinterview.html. Retrieved 2009-04-12. Playboy Magazine, 1964.^ Caplan, Bryan. Atlas Shrugged and Public Choice: The Obvious Parallels. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 9780754655497. http://books.google.com/books?id=5_NDTA9x-qMC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPA215,mercurial nike,M1. Retrieved 2009-04-11. ^ "Atlas Shrugged by Ayn Rand - Chapter Summaries and Commentaries". Education.yahoo.com. http://education.yahoo.com/homework_help/cliffsnotes/atlas_shrugged/24.html. Retrieved 2009-09-12. ^ a b Atlas Shrugged, p. 410-413^ Younkins, Edward W.. "Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged: A Philosophical and Literary Masterpiece". Ashgate. p. 10. ISBN 9780754655497. http://books.google.com/books?id=5_NDTA9x-qMC&pg=PA10. Retrieved 2009-04-13. ^ Gladstein, Mimi Reisel. "Ayn Rand and Feminism: An Unlikely Alliance" In: Feminist interpretations of Ayn Rand by Mimi Reisel Gladstein, Chris Matthew Sciabarra. Penn State Press, 1999 ISBN 0-271-01831-3, 978-0-271-01831-7. p. 52.^ McLemee, Scott. ""The Heirs of Ayn Rand."". http://www.mclemee.com/id39.html. Retrieved 2006-04-03. originally in Lingua Franca, September 1999.^ Riggenbach, Jeff (2007). "Atlas Shrugged as a Science Fiction Novel". in Younkins, Edward W. Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged: A Philosophical and Literary Companion. Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing. p. 124. ISBN 0-7546-5549-0. ^ Riggenbach, Jeff (2007). "Atlas Shrugged as a Science Fiction Novel". in Younkins, Edward W. Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged: A Philosophical and Literary Companion. Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing. p. 126. ISBN 0-7546-5549-0. ^ Woodward, Helen Beal, "Non-Stop Daydream," Saturday Review 12 Oct. 1957, p. 25.^ Hicks, Granville, "A Parable of Buried Talents," The New York Times Book Review 13 Oct. 1957, pp. 4-5.^ Time, "Solid Gold Dollar Sign," 14 Oct. 1957, p.128.^ a b c Chambers, Whittaker (December 8, 1957). "Big Sister is Watching You". National Review: 594�596. http://www.orthodoxytoday.org/articles2/ChambersAynRand.shtml. ^ Greenspan vs. Atlas Shrugged critic^ Peikoff vs. Chambers^ McLaughlin, Richard, "The Lady Has a Message...," The American Mercury, Jan. 1958,mercurial vapor pas cher, pp.144-146.^ Chamberlain, John, "Ayn Rand's Political Parable and Thundering Melodrama," The New York Herald Tribune, 6 Oct. 1957, sec. 6, p.1.^ See also: [2], retrieved August 9, 2006, for a list of reviews and bibliographical information.^ Gladstein, Mimi Reisel, The Ayn Rand Companion, Greenwood Press, 1984, p. 98.^ Branden, Nathaniel. "The Benefits and Hazards of the Philosophy of Ayn Rand: A Personal Statement". 1984.^ Rand, Ayn, Romantic Manifesto, Revised Edition, p. 26^ Subject of article: Headlam, Bruce. "Forget Joyce; Bring on Ayn Rand." The New York Times July 30, 1998, G4 (Late Edition, East Coast).^ Subject of article: Yardley, Jonathan. "The Voice of the People Speaks. Too Bad It Doesn't Have Much to Say." The Washington Post August 10, 1998, D2 (Final Edition). Retrieved from ProQuest Historical Newspapers.^ "100 Best Novels". RandomHouse.com. Retrieved June 20, 2006.^ "100 Best"^ a b "Hundreds Gather to Celebrate Atlas Shrugged". Cato Policy Report. November/December 1997. http://www.cato.org/pubs/policy_report/cpr-19n6-3.html. Retrieved 2009-04-14. ^ "C-SPAN American Writers: Ayn Rand". Americanwriters.org. http://www.americanwriters.org/writers/rand.asp. Retrieved 2009-09-12. ^ Bray, Hiawatha (27 August 2007). "BioShock lets users take on fanaticism through fantasy". Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/ae/games/articles/2007/08/27/bioshock_lets_users_take_on_fanaticism_through_fantasy/. Retrieved 20 December 2009. ^ Gaudiosi, John (12 October 2007). "Head Deep Into Bioshock". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/11/AR2007101100623.html. Retrieved 20 December 2009. ^ Hodges, Gary (28 August 2007). "Atlas Drowned". Village Voice. http://www.villagevoice.com/2007-08-28/screens/atlas-drowned/. Retrieved 20 December 2009. ^ "How About A Mini Atlas Shrugged? - Nealz Nuze On". Boortz.com. 2008-12-18. http://boortz.com/nealz_nuze/2008/12/how-about-a-mini-atlas-shrugge.html. Retrieved 2009-09-12. ^ Yaron Brook, "Is Rand Relevant?" Wall Street Journal March 15, 2009 [3]^ Thomas, Clarence, My Grandfather's Son, Harper Collins, 2007, p. 62, 187; 60 Minutes, "Interview with Clarence Thomas," 30 Sept. 2007; Bidinotto, Robert James. "Celebrity 'Rand Fans' � Clarence Thomas". Retrieved May 26, 2006^ Atlas Shrugged': From Fiction to Fact in 52 Years The Wall Street Journal, January 9, 2009. Retrieved March 9, 2009.^ [4] The New York Times.com 3/9/09. Retrieved March 9, 2009.^ [5] The Economist, 2/26/09. Retrieved March 9, 2009.^ [6] The Washington Independent.com 3/4/09. Retrieved March 9, 2009.^ "Atlas Shrugged Sets a New Record!". Ayn Rand Institute. January 21, 2010. http://www.aynrand.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=24817. Retrieved 2009-01-21. ^ Britting, Jeff (2009). "Bringing Atlas Shrugged to Film". in Mayhew, Robert. Essays on Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. p. 195. ISBN 978-0-7391-2780-3. ^ a b c Brown, Kimberly (January 14, 2007). "Ayn Rand No Longer Has Script Approval". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990DE2DF1230F937A25752C0A9619C8B63. Retrieved 2009-06-21. ^ a b McClintock, Pamela (April 26, 2006). "Lionsgate Shrugging". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117942127.html. Retrieved 2009-06-21. ^ Fleming, Michael (September 4, 2007). "Vadim Perelman to direct 'Atlas'". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117971319.html. Retrieved 2009-06-21. ^ "Angelina Jolie set to star in Atlas Shrugged". Objectivistcenter.org. 2006-09-21. http://www.objectivistcenter.org/cth-13-1777-Jolie_bags_the_game.aspx. Retrieved 2009-09-12. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0480239/^ a b "Charlize Theron Could Topline Atlas Shrugged Mini-Series | /Film". Slashfilm.com. 2009-07-21. http://www.slashfilm.com/2009/07/21/charlize-theron-could-topline-atlas-shrugged-mini-series/. Retrieved 2009-09-12. ^ Paris, Susan (February 25, 2008). "John Aglialoro on the Atlas Shrugged Movie". http://www.theatlasphere.com/columns/080225-aglialoro-atlas-shrugged-movie.php. Retrieved 2009-06-21. ^ Zeitchik, Steven. "With 'Atlas Shrugged,' Hollywood may have its first anti-bailout movie". Risky Business Blog. The Hollywood Reporter. http://riskybusiness.blogs.thr.com/2009/04/with-atlas-shrugged-hollywood-may-have-its-first-antibailout-movie.html. Retrieved 2009-05-06. ^ Fleming, Mike (May 26, 2010). "'Atlas Shrugged' Rights Holder Sets June Production Start Whether Or Not Stars Align". Deadline.com. http://www.deadline.com/2010/05/atlas-shrugged-rights-holder-sets-june-production-start-whether-or-not-stars-align/. Retrieved 2010-05-28. ^ McNary, Dave (06-14-2010). "Cameras role on 'Atlas'". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118020578.html?categoryid=13&cs=1&ref=bd_film. Retrieved 2010-06-14. [edit] Further reading[edit] PublicationsRand, Ayn (1992) [1957]. Atlas Shrugged (35th anniversary ed.). New York: Dutton. ISBN 0-525-94892-9. Branden, Nathaniel (1962). "The Moral Revolution in Atlas Shrugged". Who is Ayn Rand?. Book co-authored with Barbara Branden. New York: Random House. pp. 3�65. OCLC 313377536. Reprinted by The Objectivist Center as a booklet in 1999, ISBN 1-57724-033-2.Gladstein, Mimi Reisel (2000). Atlas Shrugged: Manifesto of the Mind. Twayne's Masterwork Studies. New York: Twayne Publishers. ISBN 0-8057-1638-6. Hunt, Robert (1983). "Science Fiction for the Age of Inflation: Reading Atlas Shrugged in the 1980s". in Slusser, George E.; Rabkin, Eric S. & Scholes, Robert. Coordinates: Placing Science Fiction and Fantasy. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press. pp. 80�98. ISBN 0-8093-1105-4. Mayhew, Robert, ed (2009). Essays on Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-2780-3. Michalson, Karen (1999). "Who Is Dagny Taggart? The Epic Hero/ine in Disguise". in Gladstein, Mimi Reisel & Sciabarra, Chris Matthew. Feminist Interpretations of Ayn Rand. Re-reading the Canon. University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 0-534-57625-7. Wilt, Judith (1999). "On Atlas Shrugged". in Gladstein, Mimi Reisel & Sciabarra, Chris Matthew. Feminist Interpretations of Ayn Rand. Re-reading the Canon. University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 0-534-57625-7. Younkins, Edward W., ed (2007). Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged: A Philosophical and Literary Companion (paperback ed.). Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 0-75465-549-0. [edit] Foreign language translationsChinese:阿特拉斯耸耸肩, 2 vol., published by Chongqing Publishing Group, October 2007, ISBN 9787536686397, Translator: 扬格.Dutch: Atlas in Staking, published by the "De Boekenmaker", www.boekenmaker.nl (Krommenie, 2006).French: La révolte d'Atlas, 2 vol. (Paris 1958 et 1959, Editions Jeheber). Because of its flaws, this translation by Henri Daussy was not authorized by Rand and the third volume did not appear, probably because of the publisher's bankruptcy. Another unauthorized translation by Monique di Pieirro was made available on the Internet in 2009.German: Wer ist John Galt? (Hamburg, Germany: GEWIS Verlag), ISBN 3-932564-03-0.Hungarian: Veszett világ (Budapest, Hungary: Alexandra Kiadó), ISBN 9632971124.Italian: La rivolta di Atlante, 3 vol. (Milano, Corbaccio, 2007), ISBN 88-797-2863-6, ISBN 88-797-2878-4, ISBN 88-797-2881-4. Translator: Laura GrimaldiJapanese: 肩をすくめるアトラス (ビジネス社), ISBN 4-8284-1149-6. Translator: �坂 あゆみ.Norwegian: De som beveger verden. (Kagge Forlag, 2000), ISBN 82-489-0083-5 (hardcover), ISBN 82-489-0169-6 (paperback). Translator: John Erik B?e Lindgren.Polish: Atlas zbuntowany (Zysk i S-ka, 2004), ISBN 83-7150-969-3 (hardcover). Translator: Iwona Micha?owska.Portuguese: Quem é John Galt? (Editora Express?o e Cultura), ISBN 85-208-0248-6 (paperback). Translator: Paulo Henriques Britto.Russian: Атлант расправил плечи (Издательство Альпина Бизнес Букс, 2007 г.), ISBN 978-5-9614-0603-0. Translator: Ю.Соколов, В.Вебер, Д.Вознякевич.Spanish: La rebelión de Atlas. (Editorial Grito Sagrado), ISBN 987-20951-0-8 (hardcover), ISBN 987-20951-1-6 (paperback).Swedish: Och v?rlden sk?lvde. (Timbro F?rlag, 1986), ISBN 9905849041. Translator: Maud Freccero.Turkish: Atlas Silkindi. (Plato Yay?nlar?, 2003), ISBN 975-96772-6-1. Translator: Belk?s ?orap??.Hebrew: ??? ???????, (Tel Aviv, Israel: S. Fridman, 1999), 2 vol., Danacode 113-138 (hardcover). Translator: Itzhak Avrahami.Mongolian: Атлантын нуруу тэнийв (Mongolian Libertarian Fund, Ulaanbaatar, 2010), ISBN-978-9996258-06-0. Translator: J.Nergui.[edit] External linksWikibooks has a book on the topic ofAtlas ShruggedWikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Atlas ShruggedFree Online CliffsNotes for Atlas ShruggedWebsite dedicated to Atlas ShruggedTimeline of major events in the novelCast of characters in the novelExcerpt from Atlas Shrugged at the ARIAtlas Shrugged Essay ContestAtlas Shrugged study guide, themes, quotes, literary devices, teaching resourcesv ? d ? eAyn RandBibliographyNovelsWe the Living (1936) ・ Anthem (1938) ・ The Fountainhead (1943) ・ Atlas Shrugged (1957)Non-fiction booksFor the New Intellectual (1961) ・ Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology (1979) ・ The Art of Fiction (2000)ScreenplaysRed Pawn (1932) ・ Love Letters (1945) ・ You Came Along (1945) ・ The Fountainhead (1949)Essay collectionsThe Virtue of Selfishness (1964) ・ Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal (1966) ・ The Romantic Manifesto (1969) ・ The New Left: The Anti-Industrial Revolution (1971) ・ Philosophy: Who Needs It (1982) ・ The Voice of Reason (1989)OtherNight of January 16th (1934) ・ The Early Ayn Rand (1984) ・ Letters of Ayn Rand (1995) ・ Journals of Ayn Rand (1997) ・ Objectivist periodicalsPhilosophyObjectivism ・ Objectivist movement ・ Objectivist theory of value ・ Libertarianism and Objectivism ・ Objectivism and homosexuality ・ Romantic realism ・ Randian heroBiographical depictionsAyn Rand and the World She Made ・ Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life ・ Ayn Rand: The Russian Radical ・ Goddess of the Market ・ Judgment Day ・ The Passion of Ayn Rand (book) ・ The Passion of Ayn Rand (film)Wikipedia Book ・ Wikimedia Commons ・ Wikiquote ・ WikisourceRetrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_Shrugged"Categories: 1957 novels | American novels | English-language novels | Novels by Ayn Rand | Philosophical novels | Prometheus Award winners | Dystopian novels | Capitalist books | Economics books | Books critical of religion | Fictional technology | Rail transport in fictionPersonal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable versionLanguagesБългарскиDanskDeutschEspa?olFran?ais???Italiano?????Latina?Norsk (bokm?l)?РусскийSimple EnglishSuomiSvenskaУкра?нськаTi?ng Vi?t中文 This page was last modified on 13 July 2010 at 16:37.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers
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BEST theoremFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchIn graph theory, a part of discrete mathematics, the BEST theorem gives a product formula for the number of Eulerian circuits in directed (oriented) graphs. The name is an acronym of the names of people who discovered it: de Bruijn, van Aardenne-Ehrenfest,air jordan pas cher, Smith and Tutte.Contents1 Precise statement2 Applications3 History4 Notes5 References[edit] Precise statementLet G = (V, E) be a directed graph. An Eulerian circuit is a directed closed path which visits each edge exactly once. In 1736, Euler showed that G has an Eulerian circuit if and only if G is connected and the indegree is equal to outdegree at every vertex. In this case G is called Eulerian. We denote these in- and out-degree of a vertex v by deg(v).The BEST theorem states that the number ec(G) of Eulerian circuits in a connected Eulerian graph G is given by this formula:Here tw(G) is the number of arborescences, which are trees directed towards the root at a fixed vertex w in G. The number tw(G) can be computed as a determinant, by the version of the matrix tree theorem for directed graphs. It is a property of Eulerian graphs that tv(G) = tw(G) for every two vertices v and w in a connected Eulerian graph G.[edit] ApplicationsThe BEST theorem shows that the number of Eulerian circuits in directed graphs can be computed in polynomial time, a problem which is #P-complete for undirected graphs.[1] It is also used in the asymptotic enumeration of Eulerian circuits of complete and complete bipartite graphs.[2][3][edit] HistoryThe BEST theorem was first stated in this form in a "note added in proof" to the Aardenne-Ehrenfest and de Bruijn paper (1951). The original proof was bijective and generalized the de Bruijn sequences. It is a variation on an earlier result by Smith and Tutte (1941).[edit] Notes^ Brightwell and Winkler, "Note on Counting Eulerian Circuits", CDAM Research Report LSE-CDAM-2004-12, 2004.^ Brendan McKay and Robert W. Robinson, Asymptotic enumeration of eulerian circuits in the complete graph, Combinatorica, 10 (1995), no. 4, 367�377.^ M.I. Isaev, Asymptotic number of Eulerian circuits in complete bipartite graphs (in Russian), Proc. 52-nd MFTI Conference (2009), Moscow.[edit] ReferencesEuler, L., "Solutio problematis ad geometriam situs pertinentis", Comment. Academiae Sci. I. Petropolitanae 8 (1736), 128-140.W. T. Tutte and C. A. B. Smith,nike dunk, On Unicursal Paths in a Network of Degree 4. Amer. Math. Monthly, 48 (1941), 233-237.T. van Aardenne-Ehrenfest and N. G. de Bruijn,nike basket, Circuits and trees in oriented linear graphs, Simon Stevin, 28 (1951),mercurial vapor pas cher, 203-217.W.T. Tutte, Graph Theory, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass., 1984.Stanley, Richard P. (1999). Enumerative Combinatorics,nike pas cher, Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56069-1.Aigner, Martin, A Course in Enumeration, 2007, ISBN 3540390324.Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BEST_theorem"Categories: Graph theory | Directed graphs | Mathematical theoremsPersonal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable version This page was last modified on 23 April 2010 at 13:42.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers
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Neilson and Company - Wikipedia, the free encyclop
Neilson and Company - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Neilson and Company - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Neilson and CompanyFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchRestored Neilson 0-6-0 engine, used in Finland from 1869 well into the 1920's, preserved at the Finnish Railway MuseumNeilson & Co worksplate, on same locomotiveThe cab interiorNeilson and Company was a locomotive manufacturer in Glasgow, Scotland.The company was started in 1836 at McAlpine Street by Walter Neilson and James Mitchell to manufacture marine and stationary engines. In 1837 the firm moved to Hyde Park Street and was known as Kerr, Mitchell and Neilson and,mercurial pas cher, in 1840, Kerr,nike jordan, Neilson and Company, becoming Neilson and Mitchell in 1845.Locomotive building began in 1843 for the local railways. In 1855 production of marine and stationary engines discontinued and the company changed its name again to Neilson and Company. Among those who later became notable in the field were Henry Dübs and Patrick Stirling.By 1861, business had increased to such an extent, that a new works was built at Springburn,nike jordan, also named "Hyde Park Works." In 1864, Henry Dübs set up in business on his own at Queens Park Works, as Dübs and Company, taking a number of key staff with him. James Reid, who had previously worked for Neilson, however, returned and became a partner.Contents1 Locomotives2 Turn of the century3 Preserved Neilson engines3.1 Finland3.2 New Zealand3.3 United Kingdom4 In fiction5 References6 See also7 External links[edit] LocomotivesBy 1855, the company was building four-coupled tank engines, along with 2-4-0 and 0-4-2 tender locos. Some of these were for Cowlairs and St. Rollox, but many more went to India.Through the 1870s considerable numbers of 0-4-4 tank engines were built for the London, Chatham and Dover Railway, the Midland and the Great Eastern. Many other types were built for railways at home and abroad, including fifty 0-4-2s for India. The company's first eight-coupled locos were built in 1872, also for India.In 1879 the first 2-6-0s to run on British rails were built for William Adams of the Great Eastern. One of these was named "Mogul" and this became the name applied to all locomotives of this wheel arrangement. (However, the name had already been employed in the USA about ten years earlier.)More overseas orders followed, with engines for South Africa and South America.[edit] Turn of the centuryIn 1884,air jordan, Neilson left to form a new company, the Clyde Locomotive Company; although Reid became the sole owner of Neilson & Co., it was not until 1898 that the company changed its name to Neilson, Reid and Company.However, by this time, intense competition from America meant that small companies were unable to survive. There was a need for amalgamation, and in 1903 Neilson Reid combined with Dübs and Company and Sharp Stewart and Company to form the North British Locomotive Company, the largest locomotive company in the world, outside of the United States [citation needed].[edit] Preserved Neilson engines[edit] FinlandFinnish Railway Museum at Hyvinkaa 0-6-0 No 1427 of 1869 (oldest known surviving Neilson locomotive)[edit] New ZealandFerrymead Railway � "Peveril" No. 1692 of 1872 (F13)Helensville Railway Station � No. 2563 of 1880 (D170)Kaitaia Township � No. 2565 of 1880 (D221)Ocean Beach Railway � No. 2564 of 1880 (D6)Pleasant Point Railway � No. 2306 of 1878 (D16)Silverstream Railway � No. 1847 of 1874 (D143)The Pukemiro Line � No. 3751 of 1888 (F217)It is interesting to note that Neilson and Company supplied the first (F13 of 1872) and last (F217 of 1888) members of the 88-strong New Zealand Railways F class. 6 builders supplied F class engines between the arrivals of F13 and F217.[edit] United KingdomNorth Woolwich Old Station Museum - 0-4-0ST No. 2119 of 1876Scottish Railway Preservation Society, Bo'ness - 0-4-0ST No. 2203 of 1876Chasewater Railway, Brownhills, Staffordshire - 0-4-0ST No. 2937 of 1882[edit] In fictionA character in The Railway Series by the Rev. W. Awdry is based on a Neilson prototype. Neil is a 'box tank' locomotive, who worked on the Sodor & Mainland Railway between 1853 and 1901.[edit] ReferencesLowe, J.W., (1989) British Steam Locomotive Builders,nike pas cher, Guild Publishing[edit] See alsoFinnish Railway MuseumCategory:Neilson locomotives[edit] External linksFinnish Railway MuseumSteam Locomotives in Finland Including the Finnish Railway MuseumRetrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neilson_and_Company"Categories: Companies established in 1836 | Companies based in Glasgow | Locomotive manufacturers of the United KingdomHidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from February 2007Personal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable versionLanguagesDeutsch日本� This page was last modified on 25 May 2010 at 15:12.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers
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Elections in Gibraltar - Wikipedia, the free encyc
Elections in Gibraltar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Elections in GibraltarFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchGibraltarThis article is part of the series:Politics and government ofGibraltarMonarchElizabeth IIGovernorSir Adrian JohnsChief MinisterPeter CaruanaParliamentElections: 2000, 2003, 2007SpeakerPolitical partiesPoliticiansLaw of GibraltarCourt systemConstitution of GibraltarConstitution Order 1969Constitution Order 2006Disputed status of GibraltarSovereignty referendum, 1967Sovereignty referendum, 2002Disputed status of the isthmusHistory of nationalityGibraltar passportOther countries ・ AtlasPolitics portalview ? talk ? editElections in Gibraltar gives information on election and election results in Gibraltar.Gibraltar elects on national level a legislature. The Gibraltar Parliament has 17 members,basket jordan, all elected for a four year term in one constituency with each voter getting to vote for their selection of eight candidates. Gibraltar forms a single constituency but voters have only eight votes. Hence the electoral bloc with the most votes will normally get eight seats and the runners up seven.Contents1 Latest elections2 Elections to the Gibraltar Parliament (House of Assembly)2.1 1969 election2.2 1972 election2.3 1976 election2.4 1980 election2.5 1984 election2.6 1988 election2.7 1992 election2.8 1996 election2.9 2000 election2.10 2003 election3 See also4 External links[edit] Latest electionsMain article: Gibraltar general election, 2007e ? d Summary of the 11 October 2007 Gibraltar Parliament election resultsParties1Votes2%SeatsGibraltar Social Democrats76,33449.3310CoalitionGibraltar Socialist Labour Party49,27731.844Gibraltar Liberal Party21,12013.653Progressive Democratic Party5,7993.75―Charles Gomez (independent, New Gibraltar Democracy)1,nike mercurial vapor france,2100.78―Richard Martinez (independent)1,0030.65―Total (turnout 81.4%)154,743100.0017Source: Gibfocus1 These figures have been consolidated by party. Under the Gibraltar electoral system, all candidates are listed on the ballot paper individually. 2 Every voter has up to 10 votes to vote for their choice from all the candidates standing. Accordingly although there are more seats available, the main parties field 10 candidates and hope to secure 'block votes'. Thus the total of 154,743 votes comes from 16,004 voters, an 81.4% turnout of the electorate.[edit] Elections to the Gibraltar Parliament (House of Assembly)Below is a series of results from elections to the Gibraltar Parliament and its predecessor, the House of Assembly (which was created upon the publication of the Gibraltar Constitution 1969). Elections take place roughly every four years, and before 2007, 15 members were elected at each election, using partial bloc voting. Each voter has eight votes, meaning that parties usually stand eight candidates, and the winning party is that which manages to get all their candidates elected.[edit] 1969 electionThis election took place on 30 July 1969. AACR - 7 membersIWBP - 5 membersIndependents (Isola group) - 3 members[edit] 1972 electionAACR - 52%, 8 membersIWBP - 7 members[edit] 1976 electionAACR - 75.3%, 8 membersGDM - 4 seatsIndependents - 3 members (Robert Peliza, Maurice Xiberras and Peter Isola)[edit] 1980 electionAACR - 8 membersDPBG - 6 membersGSLP - 1 members[edit] 1984 electionAACR - 44.4%, 8 membersGSLP - 34.2%,basket nike, 7 membersDPBG - 18.9%, 0 membersOthers - 2.5%, 0 members[edit] 1988 electionGSLP - 58.2%, 8 membersAACR - 29.4%, 7 membersOthers - 12.4%, 0 members[edit] 1992 electionGSLP - 73.1%, 8 membersGSD - 20.2%, 7 membersLiberals - 4.7%, 0 membersAACR - 2.1%, 0 members[edit] 1996 electionGSD - 52.2%, 8 membersGSLP - 43.0%, 7 membersLiberals - 4.7%, 0 membersOthers - 0.2%[edit] 2000 electionMain article: Gibraltar general election, 2000GSD - 58.4%, 8 membersGSLP/Liberal Coalition - 40.6%, 7 membersOthers - 1.0%, 0 members[edit] 2003 electionMain article: Gibraltar general election, 2003GSD - 51.5%, 8 membersGSLP/Liberal Coalition - 39.7%, 7 membersGLP - 8.3%Note: Percentages can be misleading for parties with fewer than eight candidatesAACR = Association for the Advancement of Civil RightsDPGB = Democratic Party for a British GibraltarGLP = Gibraltar Labour Party / Gibraltar Liberal PartyGDM = Gibraltar Democratic MovementGSLP = Gibraltar Socialist Labour PartyGSD = Gibraltar Social DemocratsIWBP = Integration with Britain Party[edit] See alsoEuropean Parliament Election, 2004 (Gibraltar)Electoral calendarElectoral system[edit] External linksFinlayson, Thomas James. "The Struggle for Democracy". Gibraltar Chronicle. http://www.chronicle.gi/Features/tommy%20finlayson.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-21. [dead link]v ? d ? e Elections and referendums in GibraltarGeneral elections1921 ・ 1950 ・ 1953 ・ 1956 ・ 1959 ・ 1964 ・ 1969 ・ 1972 ・ 1976 ・ 1980 ・ 1984 ・ 1988 ・ 1992 ・ 1996 ・ 2000 ・ 2003 ・ 2007European elections2004 ・ 2009Referendums1967 ・ 2002 ・ 2006v ? d ? e Gibraltar topicsBuildings,structuresand streetsCity Hall ・ The Convent ・ Dudley Ward Tunnel ・ Garrison Library ・ John Mackintosh Square ・ Main Street ・ Moorish Castle ・ St. Bernard's Hospital ・ Winston Churchill AvenueCommunications.gi ・ Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation ・ Gibraltar Chronicle ・ Gibtelecom ・ Panorama ・ Royal Gibraltar Post Office (Postage stamps and postal history ・ Postal Orders ・ Study Circle) ・ Telephone numbersCultureCuisine ・ Education ・ Music (Llévame Donde Nací) ・ National Day ・ Languages ・ LlanitoDemographicsGibraltarian people (list ・ in the UK) ・ Gibraltarian AustralianEnvironmentClimate ・ Birds ・ Mammals (Barbary Macaques) ・ Reptiles and amphibians ・ Candytuft ・ Ornithological & Natural History Society (GONHS) ・ Botanic Gardens ・ Wildlife Park ・ Rock of Gibraltar ・ Bay of Gibraltar ・ Catalan Bay ・ Sandy Bay ・ Eastern Beach ・ Gorham's Cave ・ St. Michael's Cave ・ Geology (Azores-Gibraltar Transform Fault ・ Gibraltar Arc)HistoryTimeline ・ Pillars of Hercules ・ Battle of Gibraltar ・ Capture of Gibraltar ・ George Rooke ・ Treaty of Utrecht ・ Siege of Gibraltar (1727) ・ Great Siege ・ George Augustus Eliott ・ Gibraltar real ・ World War II ・ Nationality ・ Genoese in Gibraltar ・ Maltese in Gibraltar ・ Explosion of the RFA Bedenham ・ Operation Flavius ・ Aurora incident ・ New Flame incident ・ Fedra incidentMilitaryBritish Forces Gibraltar ・ Royal Gibraltar Regiment ・ Gibraltar Squadron ・ RAF Gibraltar ・ Gibraltar Defence Police ・ Royal Gibraltar Police ・ Napier of Magdala BatteryNational symbolsAnthem ・ Coat of arms ・ Official flag (other flags)PoliticsGovernor ・ Chief Minister ・ Mayor ・ Parliament ・ Speaker ・ Political parties ・ Elections (2000 ? 2003 ? 2007) ・ Sovereignty referendum (1967 ・ 2002) ・ Law ・ Court system ・ Gibraltarian status ・ Passport ・ Constitution Order (1969 ? 2006 ? ) ・ Disputed status (isthmus) ・ Black Swan Project controversy ・ LGBT rightsEconomyBanks ・ Gibraltar pound (coins) ・ Stock Exchange ・ TourismReligionDiocese of Gibraltar in Europe (Bishop ? Cathedral of the Holy Trinity) ・ Roman Catholicism (Diocese ? Bishop ? Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned ? Our Lady of Europe ? Shrine of Our Lady of Europe) ・ Jews and Judaism (Great Synagogue) ・ Hinduism ・ Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque ・ Methodism ・ St. Andrew's Church ・ Trafalgar CemeterySportCommonwealth Games ・ Island Games ・ Basketball ・ Cricket (National team) ・ Cycling ・ Football (GFA ? National team) ・ Petanque ・ Rugby union (Campo Gibraltar RUFC) ・ Records in athletics ・ Victoria StadiumTransportGibraltar Airport ・ Vehicle registration platesv ? d ? eElections in EuropeSovereignstatesAlbania ・ Andorra ・ Armenia1 ・ Austria ・ Azerbaijan1 ・ Belarus ・ Belgium ・ Bosnia and Herzegovina ・ Bulgaria ・ Croatia ・ Cyprus1 ・ Czech Republic ・ Denmark ・ Estonia ・ Finland ・ France ・ Georgia1 ・ Germany ・ Greece ・ Hungary ・ Iceland ・ Ireland ・ Italy ・ Kazakhstan2 ・ Latvia ・ Liechtenstein ・ Lithuania ・ Luxembourg ・ Macedonia ・ Malta ・ Moldova ・ Monaco ・ Montenegro ・ Netherlands ・ Norway ・ Poland ・ Portugal ・ Romania ・ Russia2 ・ San Marino ・ Serbia ・ Slovakia ・ Slovenia ・ Spain ・ Sweden ・ Switzerland ・ Turkey2 ・ Ukraine ・ United Kingdom (England ? Northern Ireland ? Scotland ? Wales) ・ Vatican CityStates with limitedrecognitionAbkhazia1 ・ Kosovo ・ Nagorno-Karabakh1 ・ Northern Cyprus1 ・ South Ossetia1 ・ TransnistriaOther entitiesEuropean UnionDependencies,autonomies,other territoriesAdjara1 ・ Adygea ・ Akrotiri and Dhekelia ・ ?land ・ Azores ・ Bashkortostan ・ Chechnya ・ Chuvashia ・ Crimea ・ Dagestan ・ Faroe Islands ・ Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ・ Gagauzia ・ Gibraltar ・ Guernsey ・ Ingushetia ・ Jan Mayen ・ Jersey ・ Kabardino-Balkaria ・ Kalmykia ・ Karachay-Cherkessia ・ Republic of Karelia ・ Komi Republic ・ Madeira ・ Isle of Man ・ Mari El ・ Mordovia ・ North Ossetia-Alania ・ Republika Srpska ・ Svalbard ・ Tatarstan ・ Udmurtia ・ Vojvodina1 Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the border definitions. 2 Transcontinental country.This Gibraltar-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.v ? d ? eThis European election-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.v ? d ? eRetrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_Gibraltar"Categories: Elections in Gibraltar | Gibraltar stubs | European election stubsHidden categories: All articles with dead external links | Articles with dead external links from January 2010Personal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable version This page was last modified on 1 April 2010 at 21:27.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.,nike mercurial, a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers
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Micro-encapsulation - Wikipedia, the free encyclop
Micro-encapsulation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Micro-encapsulation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Micro-encapsulationFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchThis article needs additional citations for verification.Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2007)Micro-encapsulation is a process in which tiny particles or droplets are surrounded by a coating to give small capsules many useful properties. In a relatively simplistic form, a microcapsule is a small sphere with a uniform wall around it. The material inside the microcapsule is referred to as the core, internal phase, or fill, whereas the wall is sometimes called a shell, coating, or membrane. Most microcapsules have diameters between a few micrometers and a few millimeters.The definition has been expanded, and includes most foods. Every class of food ingredient has been encapsulated; flavors are the most common. The technique of microencapsulation depends on the physical and chemical properties of the material to be encapsulated.[1]Without citations,chaussure mercurial, this article may be argumentative. It is cautioned that the information below may not be correct, as the current definitions and processes in this article can allow most powders mixed with other liquids to be considered microencapsulated, if the liquid serves to protect it in any way. The data below needs citations to be considered factual. These citations do not currently exist.Many microcapsules however bear little resemblance to these simple spheres. The core may be a crystal, a jagged adsorbent particle, an emulsion, a suspension of solids, or a suspension of smaller microcapsules. The microcapsule even may have multiple walls.Contents1 Reasons for encapsulation2 Techniques to manufacture microcapsules2.1 Physical methods2.1.1 Pan coating2.1.2 Air-suspension coating2.1.3 Centrifugal extrusion2.1.4 Vibrational Nozzle2.1.5 Spray�drying2.2 Chemical methods2.2.1 Interfacial polymerization2.2.2 In-situ polymerization2.2.3 Matrix polymerization3 Release methods and patterns4 Applications of microencapsulation5 References6 External links[edit] Reasons for encapsulationThe reasons for microencapsulation are countless. In some cases, the core must be isolated from its surroundings, as in isolating vitamins from the deteriorating effects of oxygen, retarding evaporation of a volatile core, improving the handling properties of a sticky material, or isolating a reactive core from chemical attack. In other cases, the objective is not to isolate the core completely but to control the rate at which it leaves the microcapsule, as in the controlled release of drugs or pesticides. The problem may be as simple as masking the taste or odor of the core,basket nike, or as complex as increasing the selectivity of an adsorption or extraction process.[edit] Techniques to manufacture microcapsules[edit] Physical methods[edit] Pan coatingThe pan coating process, widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, is among the oldest industrial procedures for forming small, coated particles or tablets. The particles are tumbled in a pan or other device while the coating material is applied slowly.[edit] Air-suspension coatingAir-suspension coating of particles by solutions or melts gives better control and flexibility. The particles are coated while suspended in an upward-moving air stream. They are supported by a perforated plate having different patterns of holes inside and outside a cylindrical insert. Just sufficient air is permitted to rise through the outer annular space to fluidize the settling particles. Most of the rising air (usually heated) flows inside the cylinder, causing the particles to rise rapidly. At the top, as the air stream diverges and slows, they settle back onto the outer bed and move downward to repeat the cycle. The particles pass through the inner cylinder many times in a few minutes.[edit] Centrifugal extrusionLiquids are encapsulated using a rotating extrusion head containing concentric nozzles. In this process, a jet of core liquid is surrounded by a sheath of wall solution or melt. As the jet moves through the air it breaks, owing to Rayleigh instability, into droplets of core, each coated with the wall solution. While the droplets are in flight, a molten wall may be hardened or a solvent may be evaporated from the wall solution. Since most of the droplets are within ± 10% of the mean diameter, they land in a narrow ring around the spray nozzle. Hence, if needed, the capsules can be hardened after formation by catching them in a ring-shaped hardening bath. This process is excellent for forming particles 400�2,000 μm (16�79 mils) in diameter. Since the drops are formed by the breakup of a liquid jet, the process is only suitable for liquid or slurry. A high production rate can be achieved, i.e., up to 22.5 kg (50 lb) of microcapsules can be produced per nozzle per hour per head. Heads containing 16 nozzles are available.[edit] Vibrational NozzleCore-Shell encapsulation or Microgranulation (matrix-encapsulation) can be done using a laminar flow through a nozzle and an additional vibration of the nozzle or the liquid. The vibration has to be done in resonance of the Rayleigh instability and leads to very uniform droplets. The liquid can consists of any liquids with limited viscosities (0-10,000 mPa・s have been shown to work),mercurial vapor pas cher, e.g. solutions, emulsions, suspensions, melts etc. The soldification can be done according to the used gelation system with an internal gelation (e.g. sol-gel processing, melt) or an external (additional binder system, e.g. in a slurry). The process works very well for generating droplets between 100�5,000 μm (3.9�200 mils), applications for smaller and larger droplets are known. The units are deployed in industries and research mostly with capacities of 1�10,000 kg per hour (2�22,000 lb/h) at working temperatures of 20�1,500 °C (68�2,732 °F) (room temperature up to molten silicon). Nozzles heads are available from one up to several hundred thousand are available.[edit] Spray�dryingSpray drying serves as a microencapsulation technique when an active material is dissolved or suspended in a melt or polymer solution and becomes trapped in the dried particle. The main advantages is the ability to handle labile materials because of the short contact time in the dryer, in addition, the operation is economical. In modern spray dryers the viscosity of the solutions to be sprayed can be as high as 300 mPa・s.[edit] Chemical methods[edit] Interfacial polymerizationIn Interfacial polymerization, the two reactants in a polycondensation meet at an interface and react rapidly. The basis of this method is the classical Schotten-Baumann reaction between an acid chloride and a compound containing an active hydrogen atom, such as an amine or alcohol, polyesters, polyurea, polyurethane. Under the right conditions, thin flexible walls form rapidly at the interface. A solution of the pesticide and a diacid chloride are emulsified in water and an aqueous solution containing an amine and a polyfunctional isocyanate is added. Base is present to neutralize the acid formed during the reaction. Condensed polymer walls form instantaneously at the interface of the emulsion droplets.[edit] In-situ polymerizationIn a few microencapsulation processes, the direct polymerization of a single monomer is carried out on the particle surface. In one process, e.g. Cellulose fibers are encapsulated in polyethylene while immersed in dry toluene. Usual deposition rates are about 0.5μm/min. Coating thickness ranges 0.2�75 μm (0.0079�3.0 mils). The coating is uniform, even over sharp projections.[edit] Matrix polymerizationIn a number of processes, a core material is imbedded in a polymeric matrix during formation of the particles. A simple method of this type is spray-drying, in which the particle is formed by evaporation of the solvent from the matrix material. However,chaussure dunk, the solidification of the matrix also can be caused by a chemical change.[edit] Release methods and patternsEven when the aim of a microencapsulation application is the isolation of the core from its surrounding, the wall must be ruptured at the time of use. Many walls are ruptured easily by pressure or shear stress, as in the case of breaking dye particles during writing to form a copy. Capsule contents may be released by melting the wall, or dissolving it under particular conditions, as in the case of an enteric drug coating.[2] In other systems, the wall is broken by solvent action, enzyme attack, chemical reaction, hydrolysis, or slow disintegration.Microencapsulation can be used to slow the release of a drug into the body. This may permit one controlled release dose to substitute for several doses of non-encapsulated drug and also may decrease toxic side effects for some drugs by preventing high initial concentrations in the blood. There is usually a certain desired release pattern. In some cases, it is zero-order, i.e. the release rate is constant. In this case, the microcapsules deliver a fixed amount of drug per minute or hour during the period of their effectiveness. This can occur as long as a solid reservoir or dissolving drug is maintained in the microcapsule.A more typical release pattern is first-order in which the rate decreases exponentially with time until the drug source is exhausted. In this situation, a fixed amount of drug is in solution inside the microcapsule. The concentration difference between the inside and the outside of the capsule decreases continually as the drug diffuses.[edit] Applications of microencapsulationThe applications of micro-encapsulation are numerous. The ones mentioned below are some of the most common ones.Carbonless copy paperScratch-n-sniffFlavors and essencesPesticides and herbicidesPharmaceuticalsTextilesAdhesivesVisual indicatorsThermochromic dyesPhase change materialstemperature release (controlled release) in baking - see www.tastetech.co.ukApart from the ones mentioned above, microencapsulation also finds use in certain medical fields as well.Microcapsules are also used in novel plastics that can automatically repair damage: Self-healing material.[edit] References^ Jackson L. S.; Lee K. (1991-01-01). "Microencapsulation and the food industry". Lebensmittel - Wissenschaft Technologie. http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=5014466. Retrieved 1991-02-02. ^ "Medical Dictionary: Enteric coating". freedictionary.com. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/coating%2c+enteric. Retrieved 2009-02-19. [edit] External linksJournal of MicroencapsulationElectron microphotographs of microcapsules at carbonless paperInternational Microencapsulation SocietyFraunhofer Technology Platform MicroencapsulationRetrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-encapsulation"Categories: PolymersHidden categories: Articles needing additional references from April 2007 | All articles needing additional referencesPersonal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable versionLanguagesDeutschFran?ais日本�PolskiPortuguês This page was last modified on 12 July 2010 at 06:27.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation,basket air jordan, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers
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Spice and Wolf - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Spice and Wolf - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Spice and WolfFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchSpice and WolfSpice and Wolf light novel volume 1.狼と香辛料(ōkami to Kōshinryō)GenreFantasy, Romance, ThrillerLight novelAuthorIsuna HasekuraIllustratorJū AyakuraPublisherASCII Media WorksEnglish publisher Yen PressDemographicMaleImprintDengeki BunkoOriginal runFebruary 10, 2006 – ongoingVolumes14 (List of volumes)MangaAuthorIsuna HasekuraIllustratorKeito KoumePublisherASCII Media WorksEnglish publisher Yen PressDemographicSeinenMagazineDengeki MaohOriginal runSeptember 27, 2007 – ongoingVolumes4TV animeDirectorTakeo TakahashiStudioImaginLicensor FunimationNetworkChiba TV, KBS, Sun-TV, Tokyo MX, TV Aichi, TV Kanagawa, TV Saitama AnimaxOriginal runJanuary 9, 2008 – March 26, 2008Episodes13 (12 aired) (List of episodes)Original video animationDirectorTakeo TakahashiStudioImaginLicensor FunimationReleasedMay 30, 2008Runtime24 minutesGameSpice and Wolf: Holo's and My One YearDeveloperASCII Media WorksPublisherASCII Media WorksGenreBusiness, Dating simPlatformNintendo DSReleasedJune 26, 2008Original video animationDirectorTakeo TakahashiStudioBrain's BaseLicensor FunimationReleasedApril 30, 2009Runtime24 minutesTV animeSpice and Wolf IIDirectorTakeo TakahashiStudioBrain's BaseLicensor FunimationNetwork AnimaxOriginal runJuly 9, 2009 – September 24, 2009Episodes12 (List of episodes)GameSpice and Wolf: The Wind that Spans the SeaDeveloperASCII Media WorksPublisherASCII Media WorksGenreBusiness, Dating simPlatformNintendo DSReleasedSeptember 17, 2009Anime and Manga PortalSpice and Wolf (狼と香辛料, ōkami to Kōshinryō?, lit. Wolf and Spice) is a Japanese light novel series written by Isuna Hasekura, with illustrations by Jū Ayakura. The first novel was released on February 10, 2006, and as of February 10, 2010, fourteen volumes have been published by ASCII Media Works under their Dengeki Bunko imprint. ASCII Media Works reported that as of October 2008, over 2.2 million copies of the first nine novels have been sold in Japan.[1] The series has been called a "unique fantasy" by Mainichi Shimbun due to the plot focusing on economics, trade, and peddling rather than the typical staples of fantasy such as swords and magic.[2] Yen Press licensed the light novels and are releasing them in English in North America.[3]A manga adaptation illustrated by Keito Koume began serialization in the Japanese seinen magazine Dengeki Maoh on September 27, 2007, published by ASCII Media Works. The manga was licensed by Yen Press and will be releasing the volumes in English. The obi strip on the fifth novel announced the anime adaptation which aired between January and March 2008, containing twelve aired episodes, plus a single original video animation episode.[4][5] A second season of the anime series titled Spice and Wolf II aired between July and September 2009. The first anime season was released in English by Kadokawa Pictures USA and Funimation, which will also release the second series. A visual novel based on the series for the Nintendo DS was released on June 26, 2008 by ASCII Media Works, and another visual novel for the DS was released on September 17, 2009.Contents1 Plot2 Characters3 Media3.1 Light novels3.2 Manga3.3 Internet radio show3.4 Anime3.5 Visual novels4 Reception5 References6 External links[edit] PlotSpice and Wolf's story revolves around Kraft Lawrence, a twenty-five-year-old traveling merchant who peddles various goods from town to town to make a living in a stylized historical setting with European influences.[6] His main goal in life is to gather enough money to start his own shop, and he already has been traveling for seven years while gaining experience in the trade. One night when stopped at the town of Pasloe, he finds in his wagon a pagan wolf-deity girl named Holo who is over 600 years old. She appears to be a fifteen-year-old girl, except for a wolf's tail and ears. She introduces herself as the town's goddess of harvest, who has kept it blessed with good harvests of wheat for many years. Despite having the responsibility to watch over the town, she wants to go back to her homeland in the north called Yoitsu; she believes the people have already forsaken her and that she has kept her promise to maintain the good harvests. Holo wants also to travel to see how the world has changed while she has remained in one place for years. She manages to bargain her way out of the village by making a deal with Lawrence to take her with him. As they travel, her wisdom helps increase his profits, but at the same time, her true nature draws unwanted attention from the church. Throughout the series, the two slowly fall in love.[edit] CharactersKraft Lawrence (left) and Holo (right).Kraft Lawrence (クラフト?ロレンス, Kurafuto Rorensu?)Voiced by: Jun Fukuyama (Japanese), J. Michael Tatum (English)Kraft Lawrence, who chiefly goes by his surname, is a twenty-five-year-old traveling merchant who goes from town to town buying and selling various things in order to make a living. When he was twelve, he became an apprentice to a merchant relative, and set out on his own at eighteen. His goal in life is to gather enough money to start his own shop, and he has already been traveling for seven years while gaining experience in the trade. He meets Holo one night and eventually agrees to her traveling with him. She helps him by providing her wisdom which helps to increase his profits and get him out of jams. As the series progresses, both Lawrence and Holo demonstrate a growing affection toward each other. Although Lawrence rarely shows different facial expressions,mercurial nike, he truly cares for Holo. He shows his affection through his actions, such as when Holo gets captured by the church and Lawrence completely panics. Lawrence mentions he has been attacked by wolves eight times.Holo[7][8][9] (ホロ, Horo?)Voiced by: Ami Koshimizu (Japanese), Brina Palencia (English)Holo is a wolf harvest deity originally from a place in the north known as Yoitsu. She made a promise with men from a town called Pasloe that she would ensure the town would have good wheat harvests year after year. However, as time went on, the townspeople slowly started to forsake Holo and did not rely on her as they once did. As such, Holo escapes from town in Lawrence's wagon and started traveling with him to see how much the world has changed since she has been in Pasloe. Holo has chosen the form of a girl younger than Lawrence, though she still retains her large white-tipped wolf tail, and ears. At times she can produce an ear-shattering howl. Her true form is that of a very large wolf which many people revered and feared.She refers to herself as the "Wise Wolf of Yoitsu" (ヨイツの賢狼, Yoitsu no Kenrō?). She is typically very haughty and self-sufficient, though due to her isolation for hundreds of years in Pasloe, she gradually feels very lonely, and sometimes shows a more fragile side of herself. She relies on Lawrence for company as she fears loneliness, which is something that Lawrence is very aware of and tries to comfort her in his own way. Holo is also very aware of the different time spans that she and Lawrence have, as a human lifespan is like a blink of an eye for her kind. Holo is quite scared of that fact, but hides it with jokes. She has a peculiar way of speaking, modeled after that of the oiran high-class courtesans.[10] She is fond of delicious food and alcohol, but especially loves apples. She takes pride in her tail and takes special care of it, constantly combing and maintaining it.Concerning the spelling of Holo's name, Yen Press has stated that they "were instructed that the proper spelling of the character's name is indeed Holo" by the Japanese licensor.[11]Chloe (クロエ, Kuroe?)Voiced by: Kaori Nazuka (Japanese), Jamie Marchi (English)Chloe is an anime-original character. She is a villager of Pasloe and has known Lawrence for a long time. In fact, Lawrence taught her how to be a merchant. She had a slight interest in Lawrence, but tries to push the feelings away. Despite still not knowing how she should feel about him, she respects him as her teacher and a good friend. They later break off their friendship when Chloe allies with the church to capture Holo and kill Lawrence.Nora Arendt (ノーラ?アレント, Nōra Arento?)Voiced by: Mai Nakahara (Japanese), Leah Clark (English)Nora makes her first appearance in volume two of the novels. She is a skilled shepherdess from a church-town named Rubinhaigen. Her companion in this profession is a well-trained sheep dog named Enekk. She entrusts Lawrence with a task after they meet.Fermi Amati (フェルミ?アマーティ, Ferumi Amāti?)Amati, who just like Lawrence mainly goes by his surname for business, makes his first appearance in volume three of the novels. He is a young man who works as a fish broker. He has a crush on Holo, and proposes to her. Due to Holo's good acting, he believes her to be gentle, kind and a soft spoken, polite young lady.Dian "Dianna" Rubens (ディアン?ルーベンス, Dian Rūbensu?)Dian, who first appears in volume three of the novels, is an alchemist. She is in the process of chronicling pagan tales and beliefs so as to print them in books. She carries information about Holo's birthplace Yoitsu. Since Dian sounds like a masculine name, she asks Lawrence to call her Dianna. According to Holo, Dianna is not human, but a bird even bigger than Lawrence. She fell in love with a traveling priest and spent a few years helping him build a church but left because he noticed that she never seemed to grow old and became suspicious.[edit] Media[edit] Light novelsSee also: List of Spice and Wolf light novelsSpice and Wolf began as a light novel series written by Isuna Hasekura, with illustrations by Jū Ayakura. Originally, Hasekura entered the first novel in the series into ASCII Media Works' twelfth Dengeki Novel Prize in 2005 and the novel won the Silver Prize.[12] Afterwards, the first novel was published on February 10, 2006, and as of February 10, 2010, fourteen volumes have been published under ASCII Media Works' Dengeki Bunko imprint. The tagline for the novels is "Merchant meats spicy wolf.", an example of Engrish. The author of the novels has commented that what "meats" in the tagline really means is kept a secret, alluding to a possible intentional misspelling of "meets".[13]In September 2008, the novels were licensed by Yen Press for distribution in English.[3] The first volume was released in December 2009, and a new volume will be released every six months.[7] While Yen Press redesigned the cover of the first novel, a dust jacket retaining the original cover art was released to select online retailers,[14] and Yen Press also bundled the same jacket in the December 2009 issue of their manga anthology magazine Yen Plus.[15] Despite the different cover art, the illustrations within the novels remain unchanged.[15] Yen Press later announced that future volumes of the series would retain the original artwork while dust jackets would carry the new covers, citing that the redesigned covers were requested by retailers in order to appeal to a wider audience.[16][edit] MangaA manga adaptation illustrated by Keito Koume began serialization in the Japanese seinen magazine Dengeki Maoh on September 27, 2007, published by ASCII Media Works.[17] The last four pages of chapter one were in full color. The first bound volume containing the first six chapters was released by ASCII Media Works under their Dengeki Comics imprint on March 27, 2008; four volumes have been published as of March 27, 2010. Yen Press licensed the manga series at New York Comic Con 2009, and will be releasing the series in English in North America.[18][edit] Internet radio showAn Internet radio show hosted by Animate called ōkamikku Radio (オオカミックラジオ?) began airing on December 7, 2007.[19] One episode is broadcast every other week on Friday, and the show is meant to mainly promote the anime series. The show is hosted by Jun Fukuyama who plays Kraft Lawrence in the anime, and Ami Koshimizu who plays Holo.[20] The show contains eight corners, or parts to each broadcast which includes news about the series, comments and submissions from listeners, and a radio drama.[edit] AnimeSee also: List of Spice and Wolf episodesAn anime adaptation produced by the animation studio Imagin aired in Japan between January 9 and March 26, 2008 on the Chiba TV Japanese television network; twelve of the thirteen episodes were broadcast, with episode seven being a DVD exclusive.[21] The episodes are being released in six DVD compilation volumes in Japan; volume one contains three episodes while the subsequent volumes contain two episodes each.[5] The volumes were released between April 2, 2008 and August 29, 2008 by Pony Canyon in Japan; volume three contains an original video animation (OVA) episode in addition to episode six of the television broadcast.[5] A Blu-ray Disc box set of the series was released on January 30, 2009.[22] The series is directed by Takeo Takahashi, written by Naruhisa Arakawa, and character designs are provided by Kazuya Kuroda. Takahashi was quoted as being a big fan of the novels.[23] The opening theme is "Tabi no Tochū" (旅の途中?) by Natsumi Kiyoura, and the ending theme is "Ringo Hiyori: The Wolf Whistling Song" (リンゴ日和 ～The Wolf Whistling Song?) by Rocky Chack; both maxi singles were released on February 6, 2008.[24] The anime's original soundtrack was released on March 12, 2008. The anime is licensed for release in English by Kadokawa Pictures USA and Funimation Entertainment,[25][26] and a complete thirteen-episode DVD box set was released on December 22, 2009.A second season of the anime titled Spice and Wolf II aired twelve episodes in Japan between July 9 and September 24, 2009.[27] Most of the staff from the first season returned, except for Toshimitsu Kobayashi replacing Kazuya Kuroda as the character designer and chief animation director, and Spice and Wolf II is animated by Brain's Base instead of Imagin. The voice actors from the first season retained their roles.[28] Another OVA, animated by Brain's Base, was released bundled with a picture book entitled Spice and Wolf: Wolf and Gold Wheat (「狼と香辛料」狼と金の麦穂, ōkami to Kōshinryō ōkami to Kin no Mugiho?) written and illustrated by the same creators of the light novels and was released by ASCII Media Works on April 30, 2009 under their Dengeki Bunko Visual Novel imprint.[29] Funimation licensed Spice and Wolf II and will be releasing the series in English.[30][edit] Visual novelsA dating and business simulation visual novel based on the series was released on June 26, 2008 under the title Spice and Wolf: Holo's and My One Year (狼と香辛料 ボクとホロの一年, ōkami to Kōshinryō Boku to Horo no Ichinen?).[31] The game is made by ASCII Media Works playable on the Nintendo DS.[32] The player assumes the role of Kraft Lawrence as he travels around with Holo for a period of one year in the game. The story differs from that of the original novels or anime and is presented as an additional Spice and Wolf world.[33] Ami Koshimizu provides the voice of Holo in the game.[32] The game was released on the same day in limited and regular editions; the limited edition was sold at a higher price, but comes with a life-sized poster of Holo, among other things.[32][34]A second dating and business simulation visual novel will be released on September 17, 2009 entitled Spice and Wolf: The Wind that Spans the Sea (狼と香辛料 海を渡る風, ōkami to Kōshinryō Umi o Wataru Kaze?).[35] The game will again be made by ASCII Media Works and playable on the Nintendo DS. The player assumes the role of Kraft Lawrence.[edit] ReceptionASCII Media Works reported that as of November 2009, over 3.5 million copies of the first twelve novels have been sold.[1] The light novel series has ranked three times in Takarajimasha's light novel guide book Kono Light Novel ga Sugoi! published yearly: first in 2007, and fifth in both 2008 and 2009; in the 2007 issue, Holo won Best Female Character.[36]In April 2008, the maid café Cafe with Cat in Akihabara, Tokyo, Japan hosted a specially themed event called Cafe with Wolf for a period of three days between April 4 and April 6.[37] The event included three new items on the menu and tied in with the sale of the first anime DVD volume which went on sale on April 2, 2008. People who bought the DVD from the Comic Toranoana Akihabara Honten store (which is on the first floor below Cafe with Cat) and brought the receipt with them into Cafe with Wolf were entered into a lottery to win rare Spice and Wolf goods.[38]The first volume of the English release in North America debuted at #4 on the New York Times Best Seller Manga list.[39][edit] References^ a b "Spice and Wolf media franchise website" (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. http://asciimw.jp/mediamix/spicy_wolf/. Retrieved May 31, 2009. ^ "Book Review: Spice and Wolf" (in Japanese). Mainichi Shimbun. November 30, 2007. http://mainichi.jp/enta/mantan/manga/archive/news/2006/11/20061130org00m200026000c.html. Retrieved December 6, 2007. ^ a b "Yen Adds Hero Tales,mercurial vapor pas cher, Wakaba-Soh, Spice & Wolf Novels". Anime News Network. September 28, 2008. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-09-28/yen-adds-hero-tales-wakaba-soh-spice-and-wolf-novels. Retrieved September 28, 2008. ^ "Wolf and Spice Television Anime in the Works". Anime News Network. August 6, 2007. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2007-08-06/wolf-and-spice-televison-anime-in-the-works. Retrieved December 6, 2007. ^ a b c "DVD section at Spice and Wolf's official website" (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. http://www.spicy-wolf.com/DVD/dvd.html. Retrieved January 9, 2008. ^ "Outline of Spice and Wolf's world at the series' official website" (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. http://www.spicy-wolf.com/original/world.html. Retrieved December 6, 2007. ^ a b "Spice and Wolf by Isuna Hasekura". Yen Press. http://yenpress.us/?page_id=560. Retrieved October 7, 2008. ^ "Spice and Wolf anime English official website". Funimation Entertainment. http://funimation.com/SpiceandWolf/. Retrieved June 13, 2009. ^ "Names & Spellings". Yen Plus (Yen Press) 3 (1): 3A. January 2010. ^ "Spice and Wolf: Koshimizu Struggling with Oiran Words". Mainichi Shimbun. December 26, 2007. http://mainichi.jp/enta/mantan/archive/news/2007/12/26/20071226mog00m200042000c.html. Retrieved November 22, 2008. ^ Hassler (September 25, 2009). "Spice and Wolf Unveiled!". http://yenpress.us/?p=1696#comment-8088. Retrieved October 1, 2009. ^ "Spice and Wolf wins the Silver Prize in the twelfth Dengeki Novel Prize" (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. http://www.mediaworks.co.jp/3taisyo/12/12novel3.html. Retrieved December 6, 2007. ^ "Official blog entry for Spice and Wolf by the author of the novels, Isuna Hasekura" (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. http://blog.mediaworks.co.jp/spicy-wolf/2008/01/tv.html. Retrieved January 20, 2008. ^ "Spice & Wolf Novel's J Cover Offered to Web Retailers". Anime News Network. November 20, 2009. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-11-20/spice-and-wolf-novel-original-cover-offered-to-online-retailers. Retrieved November 20, 2009. ^ a b "Spice and Wolf Novel's Original Cover Ships with Yen+". Anime News Network. September 26, 2009. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-09-26/spice-and-wolf-novel-original-cover-ships-with-yen+. Retrieved November 20, 2009. ^ "Spice & Wolf Novel 2 Has Original Cover, Photo Jacket". Anime News Network. April 26, 2010. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-04-26/spice-and-wolf-novel-2-has-original-cover-photo-jacket. Retrieved April 28, 2010. ^ "Dengeki Maoh November 2007 issue" (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. http://www.mediaworks.co.jp/magazine/backno/dmo_200711.php. Retrieved January 26, 2008. ^ "Yen Press Adds Spice and Wolf, Yotsuba&!, Crescent Moon Story". Anime News Network. February 7, 2009. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-02-07/yen-press-adds-spice-and-wolf-yotsuba&crescent-moon. Retrieved February 8, 2009. ^ "Animate's official website for the Internet radio show" (in Japanese). Animate. http://www.animate.tv/digital/web_radio/detail_116.html. Retrieved December 6, 2007. ^ "Information on the Internet radio show at Spice and Wolf's official website" (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. http://www.spicy-wolf.com/radio/webradio.html. Retrieved December 6, 2007. ^ "Spice and Wolf official episode listing" (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. http://www.spicy-wolf.com/anime/story.html. Retrieved January 9, 2008. ^ "Spice and Wolf Blu-ray Disc news report" (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. October 24,nike mercurial vapor, 2008. http://news.dengeki.com/elem/000/000/115/115533/. Retrieved October 24, 2008. ^ "Interview of the two main cast, original writer, illustrator, and anime director at Spice and Wolf's official website" (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. http://www.spicy-wolf.com/special/interview.html. Retrieved December 6, 2007. ^ "CD section at Spice and Wolf's official website" (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. http://www.spicy-wolf.com/DVD/CD.html. Retrieved January 9, 2008. ^ "Kadokawa USA Announces Six New Licenses". Anime News Network. July 6, 2008. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-07-05/kadokawa-usa-announces-six-new-anime. Retrieved July 6, 2008. ^ "Funimation Acquires Spice and Wolf Fantasy Anime". Anime News Network. May 23, 2009. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-05-23/funimation-acquires-spice-and-wolf-fantasy-anime. Retrieved May 23, 2009. ^ "Second Nogizaka Haruka no Himitsu TV Anime Green-Lit". Anime News Network. February 5,air jordan, 2009. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-02-05/second-nogizaka-haruka-no-himitsu-tv-anime-green-lit. Retrieved February 5, 2009. ^ "Spice and Wolf's 2nd TV Anime Season Confirmed". Anime News Network. October 5, 2008. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-10-05/wolf-and-spice-2nd-tv-anime-season-confirmed. Retrieved October 5, 2008. ^ "Spice and Wolf II's Act 0 to Ship on DVD in April". Anime News Network. February 2, 2009. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-02-02/spice-and-wolf-ii-act-0-to-ship-on-dvd-in-april. Retrieved February 3, 2009. ^ "Funimation Adds Chobits, Eden of the East Films". Anime News Network. April 3, 2010. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-04-03/funimation-adds-chobits-eden-of-the-east-films. Retrieved April 3, 2010. ^ "Spice and Wolf: Holo's and My One Year official website" (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. http://d-game.dengeki.com/spice-wolf/. Retrieved April 27, 2008. ^ a b c "Nintendo DS game information at Spice and Wolf's official website" (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. http://www.spicy-wolf.com/comics/ds.html. Retrieved December 6, 2007. ^ "Official ASCII Media Works blog entry on the DS game" (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. http://blog.mediaworks.co.jp/spicy-wolf/2007/12/ds.html. Retrieved December 8, 2007. ^ "Life-Sized Poster of Holo Goes on Sale" (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. April 8, 2008. http://news.dengeki.com/elem/000/000/071/71459/index.html. Retrieved April 9, 2008. ^ "Spice and Wolf: The Wind that Spans the Sea official website" (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. http://d-game.dengeki.com/spice-wolf_sea/. Retrieved May 31, 2009. ^ "Introduction section at Spice and Wolf's official website" (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. http://www.spicy-wolf.com/about/introduction.html. Retrieved January 26, 2008. ^ "Cafe with Wolf official event website" (in Japanese). http://www.toranoana.jp/with_cat/event/event080404.html. Retrieved March 13, 2008. ^ "Spice and Wolf Cafe Open!" (in Japanese). ASCII Media Works. http://dol.dengeki.com/data/news/2008/3/13/43a41b37848d17200ffd476e612693ee.html. Retrieved March 13, 2008. ^ "Best Sellers: Graphic Books: Manga". New York Times. April 29,air jordan pas cher, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/09/books/bestseller/bestgraphicbooks.html?ref=bestseller. Retrieved May 3, 2010. [edit] External linksSpice and Wolf official website (Japanese)Spice and Wolf at ASCII Media Works (Japanese)Spice and Wolf light novels at Yen PressSpice and Wolf anime at Funimation EntertainmentSpice and Wolf (anime) at Anime News Network's EncyclopediaRetrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_and_Wolf"Categories: Light novels | Manga series | Anime series | Anime OVAs | 2008 video games | 2009 video games | Anime of 2008 | Anime of 2009 | ASCII Media Works games | Dengeki Bunko | Dengeki Comics | Fantasy anime and manga | Fantasy video games | Fictional wolves | Funimation Entertainment | Japan-exclusive video games | Manga of 2007 | Nintendo DS-only games | Romance anime and manga | Romance video games | Seinen manga | Visual novels | Yen Press titlesHidden categories: Articles containing Japanese language text | Anime and manga articles using obsolete and incorrect infobox parametersPersonal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable versionLanguagesDeutschEspa?olFran?ais???ItalianoMagyar日本語PortuguêsРусскийУкра?нська中文 This page was last modified on 4 July 2010 at 10:07.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers
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The Food Network AwardsFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchThe Food Network Awards are a United States television production awards ceremony,chaussures de football, focused on giving awards to chefs, cities, restaurants, and other notable food related institutions.The first ever Food Network Awards took place as part of the Food Network South Beach Wine and Food Festival in Miami on February 23,air max, 2007. Emeril Lagasse served as Master of Ceremonies for this awards show honoring achievements in the world of food and entertaining. The event was taped live at the festival and aired on the Food Network April 15, 2007.[edit] CategoriesFavorite Comfort Food Combo (Viewers’ Choice)Most Delicious DestinationBest Ball Park Eats (Viewers’ Choice)Play With Your Food: Artwork With an Edible TwistIcy Innovations, awarded to innovators in the world of frozen treatsTasty Technology, (as above)Professional Grade Kitchen Appliance You Can’t Live Without (Viewers’ Choice)Hot Chocolate ListFood Hall of Fame: Tribute to Julia Child,basket jordan, television and food pioneerShare Our Strength Food Humanitarian AwardCulinary Dreams Can Come TrueFavorite Childhood Classics (Viewers’ Choice)Not Your Grandmother’s Food of the Month Club, given to the most unusual food of the month clubSUPER MarketBest Better BurgerFavorite Coolest Cocktail (Viewers’ Choice)Edible EntrepreneursFunniest Food Festival[edit] See alsoFood NetworkRetrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Food_Network_Awards"Categories: American television awards | Food awards | Food NetworkPersonal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable version This page was last modified on 21 February 2010 at 15:23.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation,mercurial vapor, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers
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Mike and the Mad DogFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation,searchThis article needs additional citations for verification.Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2008)Mike and the Mad DogMike and the Mad DogFormatSports radioStarringMike FrancesaChris RussoCountry of origin United StatesProductionRunning time5 hours, 20 minutesBroadcastOriginal channelWFAN (Radio, 1989-2008)YES Network (Television, 2002-2008)Picture formatNTSC (480i)1080i (HDTV)Original runSeptember 5, 1989 – August 15, 2008 (October 16, 2009 - Special 1 hour edition)External linksOfficial websiteMike and the Mad Dog was an afternoon drive sports radio program based out of WFAN in New York City that featured Mike Francesa and Christopher "Mad Dog" Russo talking sports and taking phone calls from listeners. From 2002 onwards the show was simulcasted on the YES Network. On the radio, the show was simulcasted beginning 2007 on WQYK in Tampa, Florida and from 2004 until 2007 on WROW in Albany, New York. The show was the first nationally known team in the history of sports talk radio.[1]Contents1 History1.1 Before Mike and the Mad Dog1.2 Paired together1.3 Broadcast times1.4 Mike and the Mad Dog in the morning1.5 End of the run1.6 Separate ways1.7 Reflections1.8 Reunion on air1.9 Ratings and salaries2 Show format and discussions3 Incidents and controversies3.1 1991 NCAA Tournament3.2 Hockey3.3 "ONE TIME!!"3.4 Bill Parcells3.5 Robert Kraft & Bill Belichick3.6 Doggie going solo: ____ and the Mad Dog3.7 "Enter Sandman"3.8 Cory Lidle3.9 Stance on the Imus-Rutgers controversy3.10 Tim Russert3.11 Pacman Jones Tirade3.12 9-11 Loyalty Oaths4 Notable moments4.1 Marconi Award4.2 "Mike and the Marquis"4.3 Fifteenth anniversary4.4 Twenty-five hour broadcast4.5 Live play-by-play5 YES simulcast6 Radio affiliates outside of New York City7 Theme song8 Nicknames of Francesa and Russo9 See also10 Fan Website11 References and notes12 External links[edit] History[edit] Before Mike and the Mad DogBefore Francesa and Russo were paired, Russo was an overnight/weekend and fill-in host. He caught the attention of Don Imus, who was impressed with his vibrant personality and brought Russo onto the Imus in the Morning show as its sports reporter.Meanwhile, Francesa was a midday and weekend host at WFAN, and was known to be knowledgeable but somewhat dry on-air. Like Russo, Francesa got the attention of Imus when he made an on-the-air bet with Francesa that Seton Hall University's basketball team would not make the Final Four in the NCAA tournament. Imus promised Francesa a new Porsche if Seton Hall made the Final Four, which they did. Though Imus found a way around the bet, the dialogue between the two is considered to be among the classic moments in the history of Imus in the Morning.[2][3][edit] Paired togetherIn August 1989, WFAN (which was owned at the time by Emmis Communications) was looking for hosts to replace the controversial Pete Franklin in the afternoon drive time period. Mark Mason, then the program director, floated the idea of teaming Francesa with Russo.[4] At first, the station management thought the idea was crazy because they were no-names at that time. However, because of Francesa and Russo's popularity on the weekends and on Imus in the Morning individually, the station management decided to pair the two together.[2]While Francesa's brand of sports commentating was considered hard-hitting and serious, Russo's was considered lighter, unconventional, and more entertaining. The show was dubbed Mike and the Mad Dog and debuted on September 5, 1989. The show quickly gained popularity and became a staple of the New York sports scene.George Vecsey of The New York Times once described Russo's voice as "a bizarre mixture of Jerry Lewis, Archie Bunker and Daffy Duck."[5] His voice has also been described as "Donald Duck on steroids."[6][edit] Broadcast timesOriginally it was broadcast weekdays from 3:00 to 7:00 p.m. Eastern Time. Because of its popularity, WFAN extended its starting time twice, first to 2:00 p.m., and then to 1:00 p.m.[7] At the end of its run, the program aired from 1:00 to 6:30 p.m. on WFAN, WQYK in Florida, and the YES Network.[edit] Mike and the Mad Dog in the morningIn the wake of Imus' firing in April 2007, Mike and the Mad Dog was also broadcast in the mornings from 6:00 to 10:00 a.m. for two weeks between April 16 and April 27, and again on May 21 and May 22, 2007. The afternoon portion of the show ran from 2:00 through 6:30 p.m..[8][9][10] The morning portion of the show was nationally syndicated and news-oriented.[11] While in the morning drive slot, they inherited some of the staff from Imus in the Morning, including news anchor Charles McCord, sports anchor Chris Carlin and engineer Lou Rufino.[12] The syndicated broadcast was available to the handful of former Imus in the Morning affiliates who had not had a chance to pick a new morning show. Francesa and Russo hosted the morning drive program several more times, either together or taking turns solo, until Boomer Esiason and Craig Carton took over the timeslot on September 4, 2007.[13][edit] End of the runOn June 22, 2008, sports columnist Neil Best of Newsday reported that Francesa and Russo were considering ending their radio show.[14] The reports stated that the relationship between the radio duo had soured during Spring 2008, and was the likely cause of the split.[14] Although Russo's contract with WFAN ran until October 2009, Francesa's contract situation was unclear at that time.[15] Newsday contacted Francesa on vacation, where he stated "no comment". On June 23, Russo, doing the show alone, denied the rumors.[16] He said that he and Francesa had been "fighting like cats and dogs" until early May, but that their relationship had since improved. "Nineteen, 20 years, you're going to have your issues occasionally," he said. "You gotta get through those issues."[16] Some fans have suggested that the rumors were created as a contract negotiation ploy or a publicity stunt.[14] On June 27, 2008, Francesa acknowledged the show was at a "crossroad", and could not guarantee the show would last through the summer. Francesa also stated he and Russo had not spoken since reports of their possible breakup came out.[17]On July 11, 2008, Francesa and Russo reunited for their first show together since news of their possible breakup came out. They did their show from the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center for the DHL All-Star Fan Fest. They would do three more shows together around All-Star weekend. Both Francesa and Russo were coy about their future beyond the summer.[18] On August 5, 2008, they would do their final show together at the New York Giants' training facility in Albany, New York.On August 14, 2008, Russo reached a mutual agreement with WFAN to let him out of the remainder of his contract.[19][20][21] Russo insisted it was solely a personal decision and said, "This has nothing to do with Mike and I hating each other... This is about doing something different. I'm 48 years old and there are not going to be too many more opportunities to break away. It's time to try something else, but it was a tough decision to make."[21] On August 15, 2008, Russo phoned Francesa on the show to say goodbye. A highly emotional Russo began to break down on air as he talked about his partnership with Francesa.[22][23][edit] Separate waysAt the same time, while Russo left WFAN, Francesa signed a five-year deal to stay at WFAN and continue to host the afternoon drive-time show called Mike'd Up: Francesa on the FAN.[24] On August 19, 2008, Russo signed a five-year contract worth about $3 million per year[25] with Sirius XM to host an afternoon show called Mad Dog Unleashed and headline a new sports talk channel called Mad Dog Radio on both Sirius and XM satellite radio.[26][27] Russo said there was nothing WFAN could have done to keep him[28] after Sirius XM provided him an opportunity to not only do a show, but have his own channel,air jordan, which he could not pass up.[29][edit] ReflectionsIn an interview with Best on November 19, 2008, Francesa insisted that there was no smoking gun, no juicy, untold key regarding the breakup with Russo. However,chaussure dunk, Francesa believed a contributing factor was a fallout from Imus' firing in April 2007 because Russo wanted to pursue the morning slot alone, but the WFAN management was hesitant to break up the pairing. Francesa sensed that Russo was disappointed.[30]Francesa said, "In retrospect, I think it set us off on a bad path that last year. I don't mean that caused Dog to leave. He left because he had an opportunity ... But we had a very rocky last year. I think what might have caused some of that was his feeling, stronger than I knew at the time, that he wanted to go to mornings more than I did."In reflection, Francesa said, "We had 20 years of something that was great. We're linked forever. That's just life. So the idea that people want to paint Mike vs. Mad Dog, who's the good guy, who's the bad guy? You know what? There is no bad guy."[edit] Reunion on airOn the eve of Russo's 50th birthday, Francesa made a surprising appearance on Mad Dog Unleashed on October 15, 2009.[31] On October 16, 2009, Francesa and Russo teamed up for a 1-hour reunion show on Mike'd Up: Francesa on the FAN at 1 P.M.[32] and then for half an hour on Mad Dog Unleashed at 6:30 P.M. at Yankee Stadium before the first game of the 2009 American League Championship Series, where both were broadcasting their separate shows in adjacent booths.[33] Russo said that although he loved working at Sirius, he missed talking sports with Francesa.[34][edit] Ratings and salariesMike and the Mad Dog was No. 1 in the market among men between 25 and 54, which notched a 6.9 share in 2007, up from a 6.2 in 2006.[35] According to New York magazine, Francesa made $1.4 million and Russo made $1.3 million in 2005.[36][edit] Show format and discussionsThe show started with its theme song and then with Russo's intro.The show involved Francesa and Russo talking and arguing with each other or with callers about sports, and occasionally, about non-sports. They were also known for their hard-hitting questions in interviews with their guests. Francesa is the more cerebral of the pair and Russo will defer to him in most arguments. Russo is known to make bold statements when hosting the show solo but will back down when Francesa is cohosting. Nevertheless, Russo also exhibits a vast knowledge of sports. One of the show's marketing pitches states: "Some shows report sports scores. We settle them."The pair sometimes left their Astoria, Queens studios to do remote broadcasts from the Super Bowl, pre-season football camps, U.S. Open Tennis Championship (typically Russo hosts this show solo because Francesa is not a tennis fan), the Yankees and Mets' spring training sites, and playoff games for various New York teams.The Mike and the Mad Dog show primarily concentrated on baseball and football.[37] In an interview with the New York Daily News, Francesa said:"As far as changes in the city, baseball has now become year-round. We cover baseball every single day of the year...just look at the back pages in November, December, they have screaming baseball headlines. Baseball has become so dominant in what we do." [38]Basketball and golf to a much lesser extent did receive mention, usually because the show had a strong relationship with Jim Nantz, an acclaimed golf and college basketball broadcaster, plus a few noted college coaches and NBA coaches, reporters, and broadcasters. It is well noted that Russo is a big fan of tennis; and tennis does get some play on their show (much to Francesa's chagrin) generally leading into and then during the four majors. Francesa is an admirer of horse racing, and the program devotes time to racing talk during the Triple Crown season, the summer meet at Saratoga Race Course in upstate New York, and the Breeders' Cup.International classics such as the Tour de France got little mention except when there was a scheduled interview or major story. Boxing was not talked about much, as both hosts consider the sport not to be what it once was; both used to purchase certain pay-per-view fights. However, ESPN analyst Teddy Atlas was interviewed by Russo in 2006, while Atlas was promoting a book. Although Freddy Adu and a few other soccer celebrities have done interviews on the show, the FIFA World Cup receives little attention except following USA games. Russo said in his first book that he played as a teenager, but was not a big fan of the game.[edit] Incidents and controversiesWhile the Mike and the Mad Dog program has been a success, the duo has had their share of problems. Things did not go well at first. Neither of them was happy about the arrangement, and each felt that he deserved his own show. Arguments between the two have spilled onto the air and there were backstage debates about such matters as whose name would come first and which of them would get the power seat - the one facing the control room. Each had an entourage of advisers and friends who pushed him to ask for more.[4] Sometimes Don Imus needled them on his program or walked by them in the hall and said, "You are so much better than [the other guy]." However, Imus did play peacemaker during several of the more public fights.[2]Regarding the relationship between Francesa and Russo, Francesa said, "It was an arranged marriage and almost a quickie divorce." Russo admitted that such a proposition of breaking up between the two would have been celebrated in 1992. However, Russo said in an interview, "I think that, in the long term, the station sees us as a tandem and would not want to break the brand up... And to tell you the truth, after almost 20 years together, Mike and I are like a married couple: It would be too hard to leave him. I never thought I would hear myself say this, but it would feel very strange to be on the air without him."[39]However, their relationship got strained again in March 2008.[15] It was reported that Francesa and Russo were considering ending their radio show.[40] Russo admitted that from the end of March through the beginning of May, "Mike and I were .having a lot of issues. If you're a listener, I don't have to tell you . . . We were fighting like cats and dogs. The tolerance level of each other, Mike to me, me to Mike, was low." But Russo insisted their relationship since improved.[15] Francesa agreed that this was among the worst of their "four or five" fights over the years.[17][edit] 1991 NCAA TournamentIn 1991, while Francesa was still at CBS Sports hosting the 1991 NCAA Tournament—Russo was very critical of CBS's coverage.[41] The discussion began to gain momentum and soon snowballed over a number of days. CBS was unhappy that Francesa's show was being used as a platform for criticisms of their television coverage, prompting a call from Francesa asking Russo to not discuss the topic. Russo refused and an on-the-air argument followed. Francesa would eventually leave CBS Sports and concentrate on his radio career full-time.[edit] HockeyOn the flip side, the duo have always defended each other in the face of adversity. Francesa and Russo have garnered a reputation for being ignorant and not knowledgeable when it comes to hockey, though Russo later claimed in his first book that he has watched some regular-season NHL games that many hockey writers would be hard-pressed to. Also, long-time NHL television analysts John Davidson and Pierre McGuire have both been semi-regular guests on the show, and Ed Olczyk has made several appearances since joining NBC. In May 1992, Russo went to a New York Rangers game against the Pittsburgh Penguins.[42] When Russo arrived at the game, Rangers fans chided him and he eventually left the game. The next day, Francesa went on the air and blasted the Rangers fans for their behavior. They also allegedly had an on-air spat with long-time hockey writer and broadcaster Stan Fischler, who has since never done an interview on their show. In 2006, Jaromir Jagr jokingly made fun of their hockey knowledge, to which the duo said that he had sold them on watching more.[edit] "ONE TIME!!"The Monday after Russo's favorite baseball team, the San Francisco Giants, were eliminated from the 2003 postseason by the Florida Marlins he went into his most famous tirade.[43] which YES often replayed in promos.“Think about this for a second, if you’re a Giant fan. Just put yourself in my shoes. The Florida Marlins have been in existence for ten years. They have done nothing. They had one great year in ’97, and now, they’re having this magical run again, and both times at the expense of the Giants. Think about that for a second. I have been around for 50 years, not a thing. Twice, this team, out of nowhere, has knocked us off. I’ll give you one other stat: You know,nike pas cher, the Giants have played four postseason games in Joe Robbie Stadium in the last six years, and they’ve lost every game in the last at-bat. Every freakin’ game, in that stupid ballpark, they’ve lost in the last at...I’ve got Ernie Kashonas callin’ me up and going crazy, Marlin this, Marlin that, Marlin fans are nowhere to be found, and now I can’t win a game in that park in front of 65,000 people. I tell you, Saturday, I was so upset. And I thought I was beyond it. I thought it wouldn’t bother me. Saturday, I was mad at Rodriguez, I was mad at J.T. Sn(ow)...Well, I wasn’t mad at J.T., but I was mad at Rodriguez...(Giants pitcher) Jerome Williams, I was mad at everybody. I cannot believe...and then I got the Yankees, walkin' through the park in Minnesota, pounding the Twinks, Mariano pitching great, Clemens and Wells I hate, going out there and being great, now I gotta deal with the Yankees winning another World Championship, probably, beating the Red Sox and Cubs along the way, and I’m out in the first round. I mean, why waste my TIME?!? Every single freaking year, I get myself juiced up for this stupid team, and at 43 years of age with three kids, enough already! Let them go hurt somebody else. I mean, when am I ever going to have a chance to win a lousy freaking championship? ONE TIME! NOT TWENTY! ONE LOUSY GODDAMN TIME! Gee whiz! Every single time. Ah,mercurial pas cher, come on, will ya please? Can you beat the Florida Marlins one time? Four straight losses in that ballpark. Not to mention Busch Stadium in '87. Not to mention '93, 12-1 (a loss to the Los Angeles Dodgers on the final day of the season). Last year, they spit it up! Every single time. The game in Wrigley Field. Nobody beats the Cubs; we can't beat them in '98. Nobody beats 'em, we stink. The Mets! The lousy Mets did it to us! Gosh, every time! I never win. Every year, I'm sitting there--and I'll be there on October 26—-and they'll beat Dusty to annoy me—-I'll be there October 26 and the Yankees will be parading down the Canyon of Heroes with their 27th championship, and I'm out again. I mean, I don't care how many books I write, how many kids I have, how many Marconis. I don't care! Mike can put me on that show forever—-I DON'T CARE! WIN ONE! I'll give it all back! I'll leave now! One, that's all I want is one-—UNO! I'll leave, I swear I'll leave! I'll quit! (New York Post writer Phil) Mushnick can be happy. I'll leave one time! Once! I'll get out of here forever, you'll never see me again. Let me win once. ONCE! I'm getting at 43 years of age. I'm not getting any younger. I'm not as old as Mike, but I'm not getting any younger!”Russo got progressively more and more worked up as his rant continued, to the point where his voice was straining and cracking at the end.[edit] Bill ParcellsMike Francesa has been heavily criticized over the years for his relationship with former NFL head coach, Bill Parcells[citation needed]. Francesa has never criticized Parcels on air, either for his coaching or for his controversies leaving the New England Patriots and New York Jets before his contract was done. This came to a head in 2000 when Parcells left the head coaching job of the Jets. His partner, Russo, and callers were very critical of the coach's actions. Francesa became very defensive and appeared to take the comments personally. Francesa has even gone to extent where he never "picks" against a team coached by Bill Parcells on their Friday 'NFL picks' segment during the NFL season. If a Parcells's team is not that good, he avoids making a pick on that game. Francesa and Parcells hosted a Around the NFL on the MSG Network and have also owned race horses together.[edit] Robert Kraft & Bill BelichickWhen Bill Parcells had his controversial departure from the New England Patriots in 1996 Mike Francesa took the side of his good friend and has been critical of the Patriots' owner, Robert Kraft. Francesa has been overtly critical of Kraft as a person and as an owner. In 1999, when Bill Parcells stepped down as the head coach of the New York Jets, Bill Belichick was to take over as head coach. However, Belichick made a surprise announcement that he would not be the coach and then accepted the position with the Patriots. Francesa saw this as disgraceful to his long time friend, Bill Parcells and has also attacked Belichick on air as one of the worst people he had ever known. His personal resentment of Belichick and his success with the Patriots has been made well known on the air.[edit] Doggie going solo: ____ and the Mad DogIn the summer of 1992, while Francesa was on vacation at the Breakers, in Palm Beach, Florida, Russo jokingly started the show by saying, "Welcome to....and the Mad Dog," leaving silence where the "Mike" should have been. Francesa was furious, calling several station bigwigs and demanding an apology.[6] On another occasion, Francesa returned from a vacation a day early, hoping to rejoin Russo on the air; Russo, savoring the solo airtime, accused Francesa of trying to horn in on his time. There was a great deal of shouting, and during a closed-door cool-down meeting with WFAN executives they nearly started throwing punches.[4][edit] "Enter Sandman"When New York Yankees closer Mariano Rivera enters the game, his entrance song is "Enter Sandman" by Metallica. Billy Wagner, Rivera's New York Mets counterpart at the time, also used "Enter Sandman" as his entrance music. When Wagner entered his first game as a Met against the Washington Nationals at Shea Stadium on April 3, 2006 using "Enter Sandman" as his entrance music, Francesa, an avid Yankees fan, expressed his anger and discontent, and strongly suggested that Wagner change the song. His argument was that the song belonged to Rivera and Yankee Stadium, and that Wagner was "stealing" the song and should be forbidden from using it and needed to get some originality. However, Rivera was not bothered by it, and no proof exists that Rivera used the entrance music before Wagner.[44]After seeing plenty of backlash, Francesa and Russo would try to downplay it as a "tongue in cheek" thing which was never serious. However, Phil Mushnick of the New York Post blasted the two for "making complete fools of themselves" and for trying to "rewrite unforgettable history to have their audience think that they were just kidding around."[45][edit] Cory LidleSee also: October 11, 2006 New York City plane crashOn October 9, 2006, after the sudden exit of the Yankees from the divisional series, Francesa and Russo took many grievances with so called Yankee dissenters, feeling most strongly about alleged comments made by Yankee starter Cory Lidle. Lidle was lambasted on air about comments that were seemingly directed towards Yankees manager Joe Torre. Lidle called into the station, and a 13-minute heated discussion ensued where Francesa and Russo challenged Lidle's credibility over these unofficial statements made to the media.[46]On October 11, 2006, Lidle and his flight instructor crashed a small plane into a 50-story condominium tower on Manhattan's Upper East Side. Francesa and Russo quickly went on the defensive, as they were emotionally disturbed and upset by the death of Lidle, whom they had scolded on air two days prior. They also refused to take any phone calls for the first couple of days after the crash, which led many to speculate that they were afraid of what their callers would say. In fact, many of the other hosts during their shows received quite a number of phone calls lambasting Francesa and Russo.After the crash, Francesa said,"If I knew he had two days to live, I would've told him to enjoy himself...But you can't do interviews that way. No one in the world thinks that way...And then to think my last words to him were that I don't think about him very much. You just weigh it very differently now."[46]Here is another quote from Francesa:"You're not going to make me feel guilty. There have been times when we've been rude, I'd be crazy not to admit that. ... But this was an interview we never thought twice about."[47]Russo said to New York Daily News media columnist Bob Raissman,"Do I wish right this second I had a better relationship with Cory Lidle? Yeah, I absolutely do, (but) you got to do what you got to do. I don't know what to tell you. You can make the argument that I look like a heel....I've been ripping him for five or six months. Does that make me a bad guy? I'll let others evaluate that."[48][edit] Stance on the Imus-Rutgers controversyFrancesa and Russo opened their show on April 10, 2007, by weighing in on the controversy involving Don Imus and the disparaging comments he made the previous Wednesday about the Rutgers University women's basketball team. The program began with an airing of statements delivered by team coach C. Vivian Stringer and team captain Essence Carson at a news conference held two hours prior. Mike followed with a monologue, in which he flatly denied rumors of a gag order in effect at WFAN, and confirmed that the decision to air portions of the Rutgers news conference at the top of the show had been made in consultation with program director Mark Chernoff. Francesa went on to clarify that while he had spoken with Imus a few days after the incident in question, his discussions with Imus had no bearing on how he reported the matter on Mike and the Mad Dog.Picking up from Francesa's opening monologue, Russo criticized Imus for failing to submit a public apology within forty-eight hours of making the offending comments, and found fault with his strategy on both Al Sharpton's radio show and The Today Show of citing his personal accomplishments in raising money for charitable causes like sickle-cell anemia, children's cancer and the plight of wounded veterans of the Iraq War. In Russo's estimation, this stance was "defensive." Russo suggested that Imus should have focused on atoning for his comments, rather than on burnishing his record of charitable activism.Both Francesa and Russo were in agreement that Imus, in Francesa's words, "went too far" in his characterization of the Rutgers women's basketball team. They also agreed with a caller that the statements made by Imus were both "racist and sexist." In their opening comments, they pointed out that Imus had made countless remarks during his nearly thirty-five years on the radio that could be perceived as offensive; Russo cited the specific example of Bernard McGuirk's running parody of then-New York Catholic Archbishop Cardinal Edward Egan (and prior to this, Egan's predecessor Cardinal John Joseph O'Connor), speculating that many Catholic listeners may have found this gag offensive.Despite these criticisms, however, both Francesa and Russo balked at the idea that Imus should be fired as host of his nationally syndicated radio program Imus in the Morning. They disagreed, too, that the then proposed two-week suspension was merely, as one journalist had characterized it, "a slap on the wrist."On April 12, 2007, Francesa announced in the afternoon that Don Imus had been dismissed by CBS Radio, the parent company of WFAN. This dismissal came on the heels of the permanent cancellation of Imus's telecast on MSNBC the previous day.Both Francesa and Russo criticized both MSNBC and CBS Radio for dismissing Imus in the middle of the annual WFAN radiothon, which supports three prominent children's charities (the Tomorrows Children's Fund, the CJ Foundation for S.I.D.S. and the Imus Ranch).[49] Since Imus was scheduled to host the radiothon the following morning, the immediate dismissal created a serious scheduling complication. Initially, Francesa reported that both he and Russo would host the radiothon in lieu of Imus; however, this plan was soon amended to allow Imus' wife Deidre Imus,nike jordan, and Charles McCord to host instead. For the next two weeks, Francesa and Russo filled in the morning slot.When the morning portion of Mike and the Mad Dog debuted on April 16, Francesa opened the show by saying, "We would hope someone would come to their senses and Don would come back in a couple of weeks...We're not saying that's going to happen. We would hope something like that would happen."[50] Later on both Francesa and Russo blasted Tim Russert (No. 1 on the list anointed by Russo)[50], Mike Wallace, Christopher Dodd ("The biggest phony" by Russo), Harold Ford, Jr., etc.[51] for not supporting Imus.[edit] Tim RussertMike Francesa announced Tim Russert's death in a most appalling manner, telling his audience that Russert had "dropped dead" on June 13, 2008. Francesa also reflected on his relationship with Russert, which he noted became "strained" after the Imus-Rutgers incident, despite his respect for Russert's work on Meet the Press. Francesa also confessed that Russert had reached out to him on several occasions since the incident, seeking reconciliation, but that he had not responded to these overtures.[edit] Pacman Jones TiradeOn February 23, 2007 Russo went into maybe one of his biggest tirades ever on how the NFL handled the Pacman Jones strip club shooting (which left a man paralyzed and a few others seriously injured) at a Las Vegas strip club during NBA All-Star weekend on February 18, 2007. Russo screamed at the NFL for not handling the situation the right way and for not taking appropriate measures to suspend Jones (who was with the Tennessee Titans at the time) and making sure he never played football again in the NFL. Russo then went off about why NFL commissioner Roger Goddell did not step in and suspend him. Russo then got so worked up and irate about the whole thing that he even started yelling stuff like "Throw him out of the league throw him the hell out" then when Russo yelled "Have some guts here GUTS!!!!!!!" he screamed so much his headphones fell off his head. Russo even yelled for all NFL badboys like Tank Johnson and Jones to be "FINITO" (meaning banned from the league). Russo basically was sick at how the NFL allows players who have had off the field issues to be allowed to play in the league which Russo became extremely irate about.[edit] 9-11 Loyalty OathsThe NY Post's Phil Mushnick wrote, "Days after the 9/11 attacks, Francesa, global affairs expert (it's a gift), launched two bigoted, backwoods and facts-depraving commentaries blaming both Israel and American Jews for America's peril at the hands of terrorists.Francesa also said the Jews he knows are disloyal Americans in that they would go to war to defend Israel but not the United States.In the wake of an attack on the U.S. by Islamic lunatics, Francesa even called upon American Jews to prove their virtue as Americans, to choose between Israel, which he called "a failed experiment," and the U.S."On September 24, 2001 the Anti-Defamation league sent a letter to the station. As of November 2, 2009 they had not received any reply.[edit] Notable moments[edit] Marconi AwardFrancesa and Russo won the 2000 Marconi Award for Major Market Personality of the Year.[52] The announcement was made on September 23 at the 2000 National Association of Broadcasters Marconi Radio Awards Dinner and Show in San Francisco, CA. They were the first sports-talk hosts ever to win the award.[edit] "Mike and the Marquis"During the two weeks prior to the Super Bowl, the show held a trivia contest called Mike and the Marquis. The guest host of the contest was Russo's alter-ego, "The Marquis", a send up of the late-18th Century French Aristocrat, the Marquis de Sade, who made a yearly visit to deliver five trips to the Super Bowl. Players answered four very difficult questions correctly from several different categories (all picked by the Marquis). Roughly half of the questions were standard trivia; the other half were sound clips by former players and coaches whom the listener was required to correctly identify. The trivia contest was sponsored by a number of local and national businesses every year."The Marquis" was so called such because Russo believed that only a true sadist (hence the selection of the Marquis de Sade character) could come up with the difficult questions through the years. Before the Marquis' first appearance of the year in 2008, Mike Francesa claimed that "the Marquis" went to the same university as 20/20 Sports announcer John Minko--"during the 1600s."For the first several years the character had only existed in the mind of Russo, but with the advent of YES television cameras in the studio since 2002, Russo performed the contest segments in full 18th century French Aristocrat costume, including a wig that may have been used in Amadeus, which Russo considers a favorite movie.In 2007 Russo added a new character, former United States President Richard M. Nixon. For the bit, Russo donned a rubber Nixon mask.On January 21, 2008, in response to criticisms of his attire from the previous year, Russo debuted a new costume: a gold mask, petticoat, scarf, and white shirt with an ornate lapel. Feigning ignorance of recent developments in the sport, as he does every year, "the Marquis" asked Mike who the two Super Bowl XLII teams were, and if George Young was still the current general manager of the New York Giants. After being briefed on the results of the AFC and NFC Championship games, "the Marquis" began the trivia contest—but not before being informed by Mike of a costume blunder. For nearly fifteen minutes, "the Marquis" had been wearing his mask upside-down, with the fluted nose piece positioned in the middle his forehead and the crown of gold leaves inexplicably covering his mouth.In 2009, after Russo's departure, Francesa announced that the contest would continue, with a new Marquis to replace Russo.[edit] Fifteenth anniversaryOn December 15, 2004, Francesa and Russo celebrated their fifteenth anniversary on the air from 2 to 7 p.m. This anniversary special was preceded by a special preshow from 1 to 2 p.m. featuring highlights of the past 15 years of Mike and the Mad Dog.[53][edit] Twenty-five hour broadcastBetween June 30, 2005 and July 1, 2005, Francesa and Russo broadcast live for 25 straight hours for the first time ever to raise money for various charities.[54][55] It started after the completion of the New York Mets game (approximately 5 p.m.) and continued through the next day at 6:30 p.m. The show was broadcast from the Summer Garden at Rockefeller Center in New York City. Notable guests included Tiki Barber and Mark Messier. Through WFAN's one or two radiothons per year, they have also helped raise money for World Hunger Year and the CJ Foundation For SIDS, among other charities.[edit] Live play-by-playOn May 25, 2006, Francesa and Russo broadcast a Major League Baseball game at Shea Stadium between the Philadelphia Phillies and the New York Mets on radio for local charities.[56] Russo did the play-by-play and Francesa did the color analysis except that they reversed the roles during the third and seventh innings. WFAN and the Mets claimed to raise over $40,000 from the event. During the game, when the two were shown on the scoreboard, they were loudly booed by the audience in Shea Stadium.[57]Before Russo and Francesa entered the booth to be broadcasters for the day, Russo mentioned that he was unsure how to correctly score a swinging strike three or a pitch taken called strike three. Russo and Francesa aired on the radio waves, whereas Gary Cohen and Keith Hernandez were the television play-by-play broadcasters.Prior to this event, Francesa and Russo had broadcast several college basketball games for charities.[edit] YES simulcastMike and the Mad DogFormatSportsStarringMike FrancesaChris RussoChris ShearnCountry of originUSAProductionRunning time5 hours 30 minutesBroadcastOriginal channelYES NetworkOriginal airingMarch 19, 2002-August 15, 2008ChronologyPreceded byvarious programmingFollowed byvarious programmingExternal linksOfficial websiteIn 2002, the YES Network began simulcasting the show. Their program opened with a sports report from Chris Shearn, who also served as producer for the simulcast, and usually played music to block the advertising that is sold on WFAN (YES often returned from commercial before WFAN does). When Francesa and Russo were out of the studio, these outside shows are also recorded live by YES. Beginning in 2007, some of the outside shows have aired in high definition as YES launched a full-time HD channel.During WFAN's 20/20 Sports Flash reports, a selection of sports news was on the screen. Notably, the lead story on-screen (but not always in the actual report), is usually the Yankees or Nets game that will be airing on YES or WWOR-TV later that evening. YES then broadcast the traffic report during rush-hour, but did not have a graphic to illustrate the report.Since the broadcast on YES is a simulcast, there have been times when the show was delayed or pre-empted on WFAN, usually due to New York Mets baseball. Francesa and Russo never did a show specifically for YES, so the network usually showed reruns of its original programming like Yankees Classics, Yankeeography or CenterStage in its place.When both Francesa and Russo had the day off, YES does not broadcast the show, although other WFAN hosts, usually led by Joe Benigno, replace Francesa and Russo as the hosts of the Mike and the Mad Dog show, complete with theme music. This was apparently because Francesa and Russo were paid additional salary by YES for the show, while other WFAN hosts are not. YES did simulcast with the substitute hosts in its first couple of years.In 2006, the contract with YES was renewed despite the Cory Lidle controversy and some negative things that Russo said about the Yankee organization in the summer of 2006 (including a heated on-air discussion with Yankees general manager Brian Cashman).[58] Francesa and Russo maintained that YES did not censor them on-air. Both they and YES officials have commented that the simulcast likely would have been canceled quickly if YES forced them to not criticize Yankees or Nets management. MSG Network also expressed interest in moving the show from YES.[edit] Radio affiliates outside of New York CityOn July 16, 2007, WQYK in Tampa, Florida began carrying Mike and the Mad Dog, and broadcast the show from 3:00 to 6:00 p.m.. WQYK also broadcasts select New York Yankees games which do not conflict with home Tampa Bay Rays games. Tampa is the permanent residence of George Steinbrenner, as well as the spring training home of the Yankees, and the location of the Class-A Tampa Yankees of the Florida State League. WQYK, like WFAN, is owned by CBS Radio.Between 2004 and 2007, WROW in Albany, New York simulcasted the show. WROW aired the show from 2:00 until 6:00 p.m. Whenever it was either delayed or pre-empted, the station aired a montage of interviews, known as The Best of Mike and the Mad Dog, or alternate news-talk programming such as Dennis Prager. In November 2007, WROW stopped broadcasting the program and replaced the show with Mark Williams.[59][edit] Theme songEach program began with a theme song jingle produced by JAM Creative Productions. The jingle package has been used for nearly the entire run of the show (originally, the theme from the Blues Brothers was used) and it is the only WFAN show not to use the station's standard jingle package. Lyrics below:[60]Mike and the Mad Dog...Sports Radio 66, W-F-A-NThey're talkin' sports, goin' at it as hard as they can,It's Mike and the Mad Dog on the FANNothing can get by 'em, turn it on and try 'em, Mike and the Mad Dog, W-F-A-NThere was an awkward moment when Jon Bon Jovi was being interviewed for an unrelated topic. At the end of the interview Jon Bon Jovi half-jokingly remarked that they needed a new theme song and that he would write and record them a new one.[edit] Nicknames of Francesa and RussoFatso and Fruit Loops by nationally syndicated morning talk show host Don Imus.[4]Mike and the Angry Puppy by fellow WFAN host Steve Somers.FranDog by Daily News sports media columnist Bob Raissman.[4]Know It All and the Village Idiot by New York Post sports media columnist Phil Mushnick.[61][edit] See alsoMike'd Up: Francesa on the FANMad Dog Radiov ? d ? eWFANThe FAN: Sports Radio 66 AM New YorkPersonalitiesMike Francesa · Steve Somers · Joe Benigno · Evan Roberts · Boomer Esiason · Craig Carton · Richard Neer · Ed Randall · Tony Paige · Carl Banks · Bob Papa · Ed Coleman · John MinkoShowsMike and the Mad Dog · Mike'd Up · Benigno & Roberts · Boomer and Carton in the MorningRelated ArticlesHistory of WFAN · Kaufman Astoria Studios · Imus in the Morning[edit] Fan WebsiteMike and Mad Dog are tracked on the website http://sportstalkbash.blogspot.com, which is a continuation of the now defunct Mike and the Mad Blog.[edit] References and notes^ Mushnick, Phil (2008-08-14). "Good or bad, Mike & Dog Make History". http://www.nypost.com/seven/08142008/sports/good_or_bad__mike__dog_made_history_124474.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-24. ^ a b c Jim Reed (1999), Everything Imus: all you ever wanted to know about Don Imus, Birch Lane Press, pp. 65-66, (ISBN 1-55972-504-4).^ Jack Craig (1990-03-30), CBS' Francesa is plainly a success basketball, football expert defies network standards for appearance, accent, The Boston Globe.^ a b c d e Nick Paumgarten (2004-08-30). "The boys: what Mike and the Mad Dog talk about when they talk about sports". The New Yorker. http://www.mikefrancesa.com/wordpress/?p=73. ^ George Vecsey (1991-02-17). "Mad Dog is a preppie!". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE5D6153EF934A25751C0A967958260. ^ a b Jeff Pearlman (2004-02-24). "Mike and the Mad Dog make nice". Newsday. http://cache.zoominfo.com/cachedpage/?archive_id=0&page_id=613328834&page_url=%2f%2fwww.newsday.com%2fentertainment%2ftv%2fny-p2two3682479feb24%2c0%2c7322840.story%3fcoll%3dny-entertainment-headlines&page_last_updated=2%2f24%2f2004+12%3a03%3a57+AM. ^ Richard Sandomir (1997-07-02). "It's rants, raves and ratings". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C07E5DE1430F931A35754C0A961958260. ^ Richard Sandomir (2007-04-14). "Post-Imus, WFAN opts for more sports, for now". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/14/arts/television/14mike.html. ^ Matthew Futterman (2007-04-15). "Succeeding an icon". The Newark Star-Ledger. http://www.nj.com/sports/ledger/index.ssf?/base/sports-1/1176611958205101.xml&coll=1. ^ Neil Best (2007-04-20). "WFAN fix, if only temporary". Newsday. http://www.newsday.com/sports/columnists/ny-spmedia205179134apr20,0,7980591.column?coll=ny-sports-columnists. ^ Nick Paumgarten (2007-04-30). "On the air: pinch-hitters". The New Yorker. http://www.newyorker.com/talk/2007/04/30/070430ta_talk_paumgarten. ^ Jacques Steinberg (2007-04-17). "Imus’s longtime sidekick joins other pinch-hitters". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/17/arts/television/17mcco.html?ref=arts. ^ Press release (2007-08-14). "Boomer Esiason and Craig Carton to host morning drive on WFAN-AM in New York". WFAN. http://www.wfan.com/pages/807255.php. ^ a b c Best, Neil (2008-06-22). "What could be next for "Mike and Mad Dog"". NewsDay. http://www.newsday.com/sports/ny-spbest0623,0,1366723.column. Retrieved 2008-06-23. ^ a b c Neil Best (2008-06-24). "Russo dismisses possible Mike & the Mad Dog split". Newsday. http://www.newsday.com/sports/ny-sprusso0624,0,3737608.story. ^ a b "Chris Russo denies reports of radio split". 2008-06-23. http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/06/23/sports/Mike-and-Mad-Dog.php. Retrieved 2008-06-24. ^ a b Neil Best (2008-06-28). "Francesa: Radio show may not last beyond summer". Newsday. http://www.newsday.com/sports/baseball/ny-spmike285744866jun28,0,1846580.story. ^ Reunited and it Needed an Enema - Mike and the Mad Dog Return^ Neil Best (2008-08-14). "After 19 years, Russo leaves 'Mike and Mad Dog'". Newsday. http://www.newsday.com/sports/ny-sprusso0815,0,4065290.story. ^ Richard Sandomir (2008-08-14). "Radio Alert: It’s Now Mike Minus Mad Dog". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/15/sports/15wfan.html. ^ a b Dave Ruden (2008-08-15). "Mad Dog: 'Today is a tough day'". The Stamford Advocate. http://www.stamfordadvocate.com/ci_10215144. ^ "Mike & the Mad Dog say goodbye". New York Post. 2008-08-15. http://www.nypost.com/seven/08152008/sports/mike__the_mad_dog_say_goodbye_124618.htm. ^ Mike Francesa and Chris Russo (2008-08-15). "Mike & the Mad Dog farewell". WFAN.com. http://podcast.wfan.com/wfan/1269912.mp3. ^ Neil Best (2008-08-16). "Russo, late of WFAN's Mike and the Mad Dog, calls in". Newsday. http://www.newsday.com/services/newspaper/printedition/saturday/news/ny-spbest165803061aug16,0,5196711.story. ^ Bob Raissman (2008-08-20). "Sirius XM's 'Mad Dog Radio' signals huge payday for Chris Russo". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/more_sports/2008/08/19/2008-08-19_sirius_xms_mad_dog_radio_signals_huge_pa.html. ^ "Sirius XM hires Russo for new sports talk channel". The Associated Press. 2008-08-19. http://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/apwire/a9dadaaa17f5ef7a39c7349317874558.htm. ^ Press release (2008-08-19). "Chris 'Mad Dog' Russo Joins SIRIUS XM Radio". Sirius XM Radio. http://investor.sirius.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=328592&cat=&newsroom=. ^ Justin Terranova (2008-08-19). "Chris Russo Joins Sirius XM, will debut September 15". New York Post. http://www.nypost.com/seven/08192008/sports/mad_dog_returns_sept__15_125152.htm. ^ Bob Raissman (2008-08-19). "Sirius XM to launch Chris Russo channel, 'Mad Dog Radio'". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/2008/08/19/2008-08-19_sirius_xm_to_launch_chris_russo_channel_.html. ^ Neil Best (2008-11-23). "Francesa: Mostly fond memories of time with Dog". Newsday. http://www.newsday.com/services/newspaper/printedition/sports/ny-spbest235939014nov23,0,3089471.column. ^ Neil Best (2009-10-15). "For one day, Mike & Mad Dog reunite". Newsday. http://www.newsday.com/sports/for-one-day-mike-mad-dog-reunite-1.1526606. ^ Bob Mantz, Jr. (2009-10-16). "Video - Mike & the Mad Dog Reunion Video". Bob's Blitz. http://njfrogman.blogspot.com/2009/10/video-mike-mad-dog-reunion-video.html. ^ Neil Best (2009-10-16). "Mike and the Mad Dog pick up where they left off". Newsday. http://www.newsday.com/sports/mike-and-the-mad-dog-pick-up-where-they-left-off-1.1528589. ^ Bernie Augustine (2009-10-16). "Chris 'Mad Dog' Russo back on WFAN, hints at reunion with Mike Francesa". SILive.com. http://www.silive.com/sports/index.ssf/2009/10/chris_russo_back_on_wfan_hints.html. ^ Bob Raissman (2007-10-21). "Will Yank brass use network to grill new skipper? YES". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/baseball/yankees/2007/10/21/2007-10-21_will_yank_brass_use_network_to_grill_new.html. ^ "Who makes how much — New York's salary guide 2005". New York Magazine. 2005-09-26. http://newyorkmetro.com/guides/salary/14497/index4.html. ^ Michael Patrick Nelson (2004-12-09). "Nothing's shocking". The Long Island Press. http://www.longislandpress.com/?cp=155&show=article&a_id=318. ^ Michael O'Keeffe (2004-11-14), Mike and the Mad Dog still rapping after all these years, New York Daily News.^ Robin Finn (2007-04-20). "Chaotic duo indignantly fills post-Imus void". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/20/nyregion/20lives.html. ^ Neil Best (2008-06-21). "'Mike and the Mad Dog' radio show could be history". Newsday. http://www.newsday.com/sports/ny-spmike0622,0,842426.story. ^ Bryan Curtis (2008-08-23). "Talking sports the way men really talk sports". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/24/weekinreview/24curtis.html?em. ^ Bruce Weber (1992-06-07). "A loud, angry world on the dial". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE7DD1F3BF934A35755C0A964958260. ^ Mad Dog's tirade on SF Giants playoff elimination in 2003 (click link for audio).^ Ben Shpigel with Tyler Kepner (2006-04-05). "For Wagner and Rivera, it's play it again, Metallica". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/05/sports/baseball/05mets.html. ^ Phil Mushnick (2006-07-02). "Mike and Dog's joke was on you...if you bought their 'Sandman' rant". New York Post. http://www.mikefrancesa.com/gb2/index.php?m=200607. ^ a b Neil Best (2006-10-12). "Francesa feels haunted by Lidle interview". Newsday. http://www.mikefrancesa.com/gb2/index.php?m=200610. ^ John Howell (2006-10-13). "Lidle's death puts focus on Mike and Mad Dog interview". Hartford Courant. http://www.mikefrancesa.com/gb2/index.php?m=200610. ^ Bob Raissman (2006-10-12). "Guilt & regret, but Dog barks on". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/sports/2006/10/12/2006-10-12_guilt___regret__but_dog_bark.html. ^ Neil Best (2007-04-13). "Mike & Mad Dog defend Imus, blast MSNBC". Newsday. http://www.newsday.com/sports/ny-spfrandog0413,0,7257074.story?coll=ny-nynews-print. ^ a b Bob Raissman (2007-04-17). "After Imus, the Dog days". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/2007/04/17/2007-04-17_after_imus_the_dog_days-1.html. ^ Jim Baumbach (2007-04-16). "Waking up to Mike and the Mad Dog". Newsday. http://www.newsday.com/sports/ny-spjim0416,0,1406900.column?coll=ny-news-columnists. ^ "2000 Marconi Radio Award Winners". National Association of Broadcasters. http://www.nab.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Awards&TEMPLATE=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm&CONTENTID=3750. Retrieved 2006-09-26. ^ Raymond A. Edel (2004-12-10), Dolenz brings a Monkee to WCBS, The Bergen Record.^ Press release (2005-06-24). "WFAN's Mike and the Mad Dog to broadcast for 24 consecutive hours". Radio Ink. http://www.radioink.com/HeadlineEntry.asp?hid=129352&pt=archive. ^ Press release (2005-06-30). "Ruland to appear on WFAN's Mike and the Mad Dog show tomorrow morning". Iona College Athletics. http://www.iona.edu/gaels/story.cfm?id=2063. ^ Press release (2006-05-17). "Mike and the Mad Dog to call Mets play by play on Thursday, May 25th live on WFAN". New York Mets. http://newyork.mets.mlb.com/NASApp/mlb/news/press_releases/press_release.jsp?ymd=20060517&content_id=1457947&vkey=pr_nym&fext=.jsp&c_id=nym. ^ Neil Best (2006-05-26), Mikey and Mad Dog, that wasn't a bad job, Newsday^ Bob Raissman (2006-12-10). "Yanks, CBS close to deal". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/12-10-2006/sports/football/giants/story/478688p-402741c.html. ^ Chris Churchill (2007-11-26). "Mike and the Mad Dog lose WROR spot". timesunion.com. http://blogs.timesunion.com/business/?p=2499. Retrieved 2008-10-18. ^ Recording of theme song^ Dovie Quint (2005-12-19). "An idiot and a know-it-all worth listening to". The Yeshiva College Commentator. http://www.yucommentator.com/home/index.cfm?event=displayArticlePrinterFriendly&uStory_id=2748fca7-db61-450b-8a34-51bc73431a4a. [edit] External linksMike Francesa and Chris Russo bios on WFANMike and the Mad Dog interview audiosLong Island History: Mike Francesa and Chris RussoRetrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_and_the_Mad_Dog"Categories: YES Network shows | American sports radio programs | WFANHidden categories: Articles needing additional references from August 2008 | All articles needing additional references | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from June 2008Personal toolsNew featuresLog in / create accountNamespacesArticleDiscussionVariantsViewsReadEditView historyActionsSearchNavigationMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleInteractionAbout WikipediaCommunity portalRecent changesContact WikipediaDonate to WikipediaHelpToolboxWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable version This page was last modified on 5 July 2010 at 12:00.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;additional terms may apply.See Terms of Use for details.Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.Contact usPrivacy policyAbout WikipediaDisclaimers
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